Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Question 1

Definition of a Gas

Answer 1

Uniformly fills any container
Mixes completely with any other gas
Exerts pressure on its surroundings
Indefinite shape
Indefinite volume

Question 2

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Answer 2

All gases move in random, straight-line motion seperated by empty space
Collisions between gas particles may result in a transfer of energy, but overall energy is constant
Collisions of particles with container walls cause pressure exerted by gas
Volume of individual particles is approximately zero
Particles exert no force on each other

Question 3

Properties of an Ideal Gas

Answer 3

No volume
No mass
No molecular attraction
High temperature
Low pressure

Question 4

Properties of a Real Gas

Answer 4

Have volume
Have mass
Have molecular attraction

Question 5

How to make a real gas into an ideal gas

Answer 5

Increase temperature, because low temperature leads to slower particles, which means more attraction which makes it less like an ideal gas. Gas can be heated
Lower pressure, can be corrected by placing the gas in a bigger container, more volume, leads to lower pressure

Question 6

Ideal/Universal Gas Law

Answer 6

PV=nRT
P=Pressure
V=Volume
n=moles
R=Proportionate Temperature (0.08206)
T=Temperature(K)

Question 7

Correcting Real Gas

Answer 7

[(Pobs +a((n/V)^2))]*[(V-nb)]=nRT
a=gas constant
b=gas constant

Question 8

P=F/A

Answer 8

Pressure equals (Force divided by Area)

Question 9

Relationship between temperature and number of effective collisions

Answer 9

The higher the temperature the more number of effective collisions due to higher probability.

Question 10

Units of Pressure

Answer 10

kPA=kilo pascals
mmHg=Milimeters of Mercury
atm=atmospheric pressure
torr=Same as mmHg, differnt name, based on absolute scale
1 atm =101.3 kPa
1 torr=1mmHg

Question 11

Law of Partial Pressures

Answer 11

Pt=P1+P2…Pn

Question 12

How to calculate values of partial pressure?

Answer 12

Use equations/fractions

Question 13

Avogrado’s Hypothesis

Answer 13

Equal volume of gasses, at the same temperature and pressure have an equal amount of particles

Question 14

STP

Answer 14

ST:(Standard Temperature)
SP:(Standard Pressure) 1 atm/101.3 kPa

Question 15

1 mole of any gas has…

Answer 15

22. 4L

6. 02*(10^23) particles

Question 16

Same volume means…

Answer 16

Same amount of particles

Question 17

Combined Gas Law

Answer 17

(P1V1)/(T1)=(P2V2)/(T2)

Question 18

Boyle’s Law

Answer 18

PV=T
Temperature is constant
P1V1=P2V2
Inverse relationship between pressure and volume
Increase Pressure –> Decrease Volume
Decrease Pressure –> Increase volume
More accurate at low pressures, because acts more like an ideal gas

Question 19

k

Answer 19

k is constant
Value is calculated when PV
PV=k

Question 20

Charles’ Law

Answer 20

Linear Relationship
Directly proportional
Extrapolates to 0, at 0 K
(V1/T1)=(V2/T2)
V/T=k
Increase volume --> Increase Temperature
Decrease Volume --> Decrease Temperature

Question 21

Definition of Diffusion

Answer 21

Describes the mixing of gases

The rate of diffusion is the rate of the gas mixing

Question 22

Definition of Effusion

Answer 22

Describes the passage of gas into an evacuated chamber

Question 23

Graham’s Law of Diffusion/Effusion

Answer 23

Rate of effusion of gas is inversely proportional tot he square root of the mass of the particles

Question 24

Formula for Effusion

Answer 24

[(Sqrt(M2))/((Sqrt(M1))]
M1 and M2 are the rates of effusion of each gas
Substitute Molar Mass(GFM) for M1 and M2

Question 25

Formula for Diffusion

Answer 25

[(Sqrt(M2))/((Sqrt(M1))]
M1 and M2 are the distances traveled by each gas
Substitute Molar Mass(GFM) for M1 and M2

Question 26

Properties of Liquids

Answer 26

Stronger inter-molecular force compared to gases
Indefinite shape
Definite volume
All liquids evaporate at the surface
If temperature increases, the Kinetic Energy also increases, and the rate of evaporation also increases

Question 27

Boiling Point of Liquids

Answer 27

When atmospheric pressure is equal to vapor pressure

Question 28

Normal Boiling Point of Liquids

Answer 28

Boiling point of a liquid at standard pressure(1 atm/101.3 kPa)

Question 29

How to find boiling points?

Answer 29

Look on Table H

Question 30

Liquid with the weakest inter-molecular attraction of liquids is…

Answer 30

The one that takes the least amount of heat to boil

Question 31

GFM

Answer 31

The Molar mass, calculated with Table S, using the masses of each element times the number of each element.

Question 32

Surface Tension

Answer 32

The resistance of a liquid to increase its surface area

Question 33

Capillary Action

Answer 33

The spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube

Question 34

Definition of Viscosity

Answer 34

The resistance of a liquid to flow

Question 35

Properties of Solids

Answer 35

Definite Shape
Definite Volume
Have the strongest inter-molecular force, out of all three phases of matter
Each molecule is in a fixed position, but they do vibrate
Have a crystalline structure with geometric patterns, when viewed under a microscope

Question 36

Examples of crystalline solids

Answer 36

Atomic Solid
Ionic Solid
Molecular Solid

Question 37

Amorphous Solids

Answer 37

Solids that lack ordered structure

Plastics and rubber

Question 38

Super Cooled Liquids

Answer 38

Cooled to a rigid state, without crystallizing

Glass