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Sciences - Chemistry, Biology, Physics > Gases in the atmosphere > Flashcards

Gases in the atmosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 most abundant gases in dry air? - Give the formula of the Gases.

A

N₂, O₂, Ar, CO₂

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2
Q

What is the percentage composition of oxygen gas in the air?

A

21%

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3
Q

What is the percentage composition of carbon gas dioxide in the air?

A

0.04%

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4
Q

What is the percentage composition of nitrogen gas in the air?

A

78%

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5
Q

What is the percentage composition of argon gas in the air?

A

0.9%

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6
Q

What temperature does water freeze at?

A

0ºC

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7
Q

What temperature does water boil at?

A

100ºC

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8
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

Thermal decomposition is the breakdown of substances into two or more substances using heat.

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9
Q

What is the general equation for the thermal decomposition of metal carbonates?

A

metal carbonate → metal oxide + carbon dioxide

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9
Q

What does the formation of black copper(II) oxide indicate? - Measuring oxygen using copper

A

It indicates that the oxygen from the air has reacted with copper.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the experiment? - Measuring oxygen using iron

A

The purpose is to determine the percentage by volume of oxygen in air using iron.

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9
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon is a compound containing hydrogen and carbon atoms only.

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9
Q

What apparatus is needed in this experiment? - Measuring oxygen using copper

A

The apparatus consists of two syringes connected to a copper sample. Air is passed over the copper while it is heated.

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9
Q

What is a Fuel?

A

A fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy.

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9
Q

What is the method for measuring oxygen using copper? - measuring oxygen using copper

A

Copper is heated while air is passed over it between the syringes. There must be an excess of copper and all of the oxygen present will react with copper to form black copper(II) oxide. The volume of
gas measured in the syringes will fall by the percentage of oxygen present.

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9
Q

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between copper and oxygen? - measuring oxygen using copper

A

copper + oxygen → copper(II) oxide
2 Cu(s) + O2(g) → 2 CuO(s)

9
Q

What apparatus is used in this experiment? - Measuring oxygen using iron

A

A eudiometer—a glass tube closed at one end with graduations—is used. The eudiometer is inverted in a beaker of water.

10
Q

What is placed inside the eudiometer? - Measuring oxygen using iron

A

Damp iron wool or iron filings are placed inside the eudiometer.

11
Q

What happens as the iron reacts with oxygen and water? - Measuring oxygen using iron

A

The iron reacts with oxygen and water to form hydrated iron(III) oxide (rust), consuming all the oxygen in the air.

12
Q

How is the percentage of oxygen determined? - Measuring oxygen using iron

A

The level of water in the eudiometer rises as the iron reacts, indicating the volume of oxygen that reacted and allowing for the determination of the percentage of oxygen in the air sample.

13
Q

What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction? - Measuring oxygen using iron

A

iron + water + oxygen → hydrated iron(III) oxide

14
Q

What other equipment is used in the experiment? - Measuring oxygen using iron

A

The experiment may involve a gas syringe, heat source, and rubber bung to seal the eudiometer.

15
Q

What is the purpose of using damp iron in the experiment? - Measuring oxygen using iron

A

Damp iron enhances the reaction with oxygen and water, ensuring that all the oxygen in the air is consumed.

16
Q

How can the presence of oxygen be tested?

A

Insert a glowing splint into the sample. If the splint relights, it indicates the presence of oxygen.

17
Q

What happens when magnesium reacts with oxygen?

A

Magnesium burns with a bright white light, forming a white solid called magnesium oxide.
magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide
2 Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2 MgO(s)

18
Q

How does sulfur react with oxygen?

A

Sulphur burns with a blue flame, producing sulphur dioxide gas.
sulphur + oxygen → sulphur dioxide
S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)

19
Q

What are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

The products of complete combustion are carbon dioxide and water.
hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

20
Q

How does carbon dioxide contribute to global warming?

A

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps infrared radiation within our atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

21
Q

What is incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A

Incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon occurs in a limited supply of oxygen.

22
Q

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

A

The products of incomplete combustion are carbon (soot) or carbon monoxide, as well as water.

23
Q

What are the characteristics and effects of carbon monoxide?

A

Carbon monoxide is a poisonous, odourless gas. It binds very strongly to haemoglobin in the blood, limiting the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. This makes carbon monoxide toxic.

24
Q

How are nitrogen oxides formed in car engines?

A

Nitrogen oxides are formed in car engines when oxygen reacts with nitrogen at high temperatures.

25
Q

How is sulphur dioxide produced during fuel combustion?

A

Sulphur dioxide is produced when hydrocarbon fuels containing sulphur are burned.

26
Q

How do nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide contribute to acid rain?

A

Nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide are nonmetal oxides that dissolve in rainwater, contributing to the formation of acid rain.

27
Q

How can the presence of water be tested using anhydrous copper(II) sulphate?

A

Adding a liquid to white anhydrous copper(II) sulphate will cause it to turn blue and form hydrated copper(II) sulphate if water is present.

Sciences - Chemistry, Biology, Physics (1 decks)

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