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Gases Flashcards

1
Q

Name 8 mine Gases

A 
Hydrogen H2 .07
Methane CH4 .55
Carbon Monoxide CO .97
Oxygen O2 1.11
Hydrogen Sulphide H2s 1.18
Carbon Dioxide CO2 1.52
Nitrogen Dioxide NO2 1.6
Sulphur Dioxide SO2 2.2
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2
Q

What percent of oxygen

Flammable liquid ceases
All flammable combustion ceases
All combustion ceases

A

Flammable liquid ceases 17%
All flammable combustion ceases 10-12%
All combustion ceases 2%

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3
Q

What effect does atmosphere enriched with oxygen have on Upper flammable limit.

A

Expands the flammable limits of flammable gas

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4
Q

2 x Gases released when blasting.

A

Carbon monoxide

Nitrogen dioxide

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5
Q

How do you identify if nitrogen dioxide has been released in a blast?

A

Reddish brown colour in gas fume

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6
Q

For nitrogen dioxide what is the:
TWA
STEL
IDHL

A

TWA- 3ppm (0.0003%)​
STEL- 5ppm​
IDHL- 20ppm

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7
Q

Name 4 signs or symptoms of exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide.

A
  1. Feeling ill
  2. Coughing violently
  3. Symptoms of bronchitis and pneumonia
  4. Death
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8
Q

Carbon Dioxide. A person must not be exposed to an atmospheric concentration at a coal mine exceeding a general body concentration of carbon dioxide exceeding and convert % to ppm of above: TWA-%~ppm
STEL-%~ppm

A

a) TWA of 1.25% - 12500 ppm

b) STEL 3.0 %- 30000 ppm

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9
Q

Explain the effect of the following CO2 Carbon Dioxide concentrations on a person:
2%
4.5%~5%
10%

A

a) 2%- increase in lung ventilation
b) 4.5-5%- Anxiety, panic, irritability
c) 10%- Toxic, depresses CNS, violent panting, exhaustion, headache

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10
Q

Carbon dioxide is regarded as a hot gas due to its low thermal conductivity, explain:

A

Due to its insulating properties it gives a feeling of warmth

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11
Q

Carbon dioxide:
a) How is it produced?

b) Where is it found in a coal mine?

A

a) How is it produced? Oxidation of coal and carb materials, diesel exhausts, blasting operations, fires
b) Where is it found in a coal mine? Diesel exhausts, fires, spon com, fire fighting inert gas. Breathing

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12
Q

. Describe the physical and chemical properties of CO2

A

Colourless, slight pungent odour. Soda water taste. Non-flammable. SG of 1.52

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13
Q

Describe the physiological effects of carbon dioxide at high and low concentrations:

A

Low Stimulates the CNS/ 50% increase in lung ventilation

High-depresses the CNS / Respiratory failure

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14
Q

. Is CO2 a flammable gas

A

Non flammable

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15
Q

State the long-term exposure limit concentrations for:

a) Carbon Monoxide:
b) Hydrogen Sulphide:
c) Sulphur dioxide:
d) Nitrogen Dioxide:

A

a) Carbon Monoxide: 30ppm
b) Hydrogen Sulphide: 10ppm
c) Sulphur dioxide: 2ppm
d) Nitrogen Dioxide: 3ppm

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16
Q

How is the body poisoned by Carbon Monoxide

A

CO is absorbed 300 times more readily than oxygen and prevents O2 from binding to the red blood cells

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17
Q

In regards to CO what is meant by the term blood saturation

A

Blood becomes saturated with CO preventing the blood from taking on any more O2 or CO

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18
Q

CO is said to have a cumulative effect What is meant by cumulative effect

A

CO can build up in a person from multiple small exposures to CO making the person more susceptible to it’s effect

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19
Q

Examples of how CO is produced in a coal mine

A

Oxidation /heating /fire /explosion /Diesel engines

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20
Q

Is CO an explosive gas and and at what concentration

A

Yes 12.5%-74.2% explosive range

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21
Q

Name 6 signs and symptoms of CO poisoning

A

Impairment of visual threshold /unsteady gait /becoming silent /rosy flushed face /heavy feeling in legs /headache /nausea

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22
Q

State the chemical and physical properties of carbon monoxide

A

Highly poisonous gas /colourless /tasteless /flammable gas /Density.97

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23
Q

What is the ignition temperature of Methane

A

537 c

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24
Q

What is the minimum concentration of oxygen at normal temperature for methane explosion to occur

A

12.2%

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25
Q

Is methane a poisonous gas

A

Non toxic but will not support life

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26
Q

State physical and chemical properties of methane

A

Colourless /odourless /tasteless /flammable gas/ .55 density

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27
Q

What is the explosive range of methane in normal air and temperature

A

5%~15%

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28
Q

Explain Lag Ignition

A

The time period a flammable gas mixture is in contact with a heat source prior to an ignition taking place/Dependent on concentration of gas and temperature of heat source

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29
Q

What is the most easily ignited % of methane from a heated surface in a mixture of CH4 and air

A

5%~6%

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30
Q

What is the lag ignition for methane at 5%~6%

A

2 seconds

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31
Q

Explain how methane is produced and where it is found

A

Produced naturally through the peat to lignite transformation and found in almost all coal and some coal bearing stratas

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32
Q

What effect can the presence of coal dust suspended in the atmosphere have on the LEL of methane

A

Can lower the LEL from 5% to 0%

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33
Q

What % of methane is recognised as the most explosive in air

A

9.5% of mixture

34
Q

What effect does the increase in ambient temperature have on a flammable gas/air mixture

A

Makes it more easily ignited

35
Q

State where hydrogen sulphide H2s can be found at a coal mine

A

Stagnant water/Spon com/ Seam gas

36
Q

What concentration of H2s causes dizziness,excitement,nausea,dryness and pain in the nose/ throat/chest and irritation of the mucous membranes ?

A

250-600 ppm

37
Q

Explain the physical and chemical properties of H2s

A

Toxic/colourless/rotten egg smell/sweetish taste/SG of 1.18

38
Q

State the physiological effects of H2s on a person

A

Irritates the lungs and respiratory tract/has a narcotic effect on the central nervous system

39
Q

Is H2s flammable and at what percentage in air

A

Flammable gas at 4.3% to 45%

40
Q

State the Chemical and physical properties of Sulphur Dioxide So2

A

Toxic/Colourless/Sulphurous odour/Acidic taste. Density 2.2 Non flammable

41
Q

State the physiological effects of SO2 has on a person

A

Poisonous gas irritating the respiratory passages

42
Q

Where does SO2 occur at a coal mine

A

Spon Com in coal containing Sulphur or in diesel exhaust fumes

43
Q

Is SO2 a flammable gas

A

It is incombustible and non flammable

44
Q

State the chemical and physical properties of Nitrogen Dioxide NO2

A

Reddish Brown colour/Acrid taste/Density 1.6

45
Q

State the maximum exposure limit of NO2

STEL

A

STEL 5 ppm

46
Q

How does Nitrogen Dioxide occur at a coal mine

A

Shot firing/ Diesel exhaust

47
Q

Although NO2 is non flammable,what does it support

A

Combustion

48
Q

State the physiological effects of NO2

A

Irritates the respiratory passages/coughing

49
Q

Types of Gas sensors

A 
Gas Chromatograph GC
Electrochemical EC
Infrared IR Tube
Catylitic Combustion CC
Hydrogen GC EC
Methane GC IR CC
Carbon monoxide GC EC IR Tube 
Oxygen GC EC
Hydrogen Sulphide GC EC Tube
Carbon Dioxide GC EC IR Tube 
Nitrogen Dioxide GC EC Tube 
Sulphur Dioxide GC EC Tube
Nitrogen GC
50
Q

How often does the gas detector need to be calibrated to NATA standard

A

Every 6 months

51
Q

How often does the gas detector have to be tested using known levels of gases

A

Prior to each use

52
Q

Electronic multi gas detectors can be cleaned using what

A

Damp soft cloth/ soft bristle brush

53
Q

What could high condensation/ humidity do to an oxygen sensor

A

Cause the sensor to fail

54
Q

Why is it not advisable to breathe over sensors

A

Moisture from breath can poison O2 sensor

55
Q

State 2 advantages of infrared methane sensor has over a catalytical combustion methane sensor

A

Not dependant of oxygen

Not cross sensitive

56
Q

What should the oxygen sensor of a hand held gas detector read

A

20.9% oxygen

57
Q

What is the minimum oxygen level required for correct operation of a catalytic combustion sensor

A

10%

58
Q

What is the normal measuring range for a Wheatstone bridge or pallistor ( catalytic oxidation principle ) type of methanometer

A

0%~5% LEL Lower Explosive Limit

59
Q

Name 2 gases that could cause cross interference on a Carbon Monoxide CO sensor

A

Hydrogen Sulphide H2s

Sulphur Dioxide SO2

60
Q

What does T90 refer to when using a personal gas detector

A

The time taken to reach 90% of the test gas concentration of no more than 30 seconds

61
Q

What gas detector is used to detect Volatile Organic Compounds

A

Photionization Detector PID

62
Q

What does intrinsic safety mean when using a gas detector

A

One which is intended for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere.The detector is incapable of releasing enough thermal/electrical energy to ignite a flammable / combustible mixture of air

63
Q

When should you use a pump style gas detector

A

Remote sampling

64
Q

What are the effects of air velocities on gas detectors

A

Displaces gases and does not give a true reading.Can damage the detector

65
Q

Oxygen % explain the effects
16%~14%
14%~10%
10%~6%

A

16%~14% - Slight increase in pulse and breathing/ night and colour vision affected
14%~10% - Poor judgment/abnormal fatigue
10%~6% - Nausea/vomiting

66
Q

Minimum concentration of oxygen which coal mine workers can be exposed

A

19.5%

67
Q

Gases that constitute normal air and percentages

A 
Oxygen 20.94%
Nitrogen 78.11%
Carbon Dioxide.04%
Argon/Inert gases .93%
Water vapour 0-3%
68
Q

Where could Methane be found on a surface mine

A

Mining coal
Drill holes
Coal bearing strata

69
Q

Where could Nitrogen Dioxide be found on a surface mine

A

Diesel exhaust

Blast fume

70
Q

Area’s where Sulphur Dioxide could be found

A

When Sulphur is in coal/ Spon com

71
Q

What are 5 factors that must occur simultaneously for an explosion to occur

A 
Oxygen 
Fuel 
Heat
Suspension 
Confinement
72
Q

Where can Carbon Monoxide be found on a surface mine: Name 2

A

Heatings

Diesel exhaust

73
Q

What 2 gases can be found in confined spaces at the CHPP

A

Carbon Monoxide

Hydrogen Sulphide

74
Q

What gases can be found when an inversion layer occurs

A

All seam gases

75
Q

What gases can be found when a product cylinder leaks

A

LPG/Acetylene/Whatever is inside the cylinder

76
Q

What risk control method is used at your mine when responding to the detection of flammable and toxic gases

A

Follow the TARP

77
Q

When coal heats gases appear at characteristic temperatures:Name 6

A 
Carbon Dioxide 
Carbon Monoxide 
Methane 
Hydrogen 
Ethane 
Ethylene/ Hydrocarbons
78
Q

Convert 400 ppm to %

A

.04%

79
Q

What must occur for a person working more than the stated hours for applicable long term exposure limits

A

The TWA standard will need to be adjusted

80
Q

What is the applicable long term exposure limit concentration for various atmospheric contaminants

A

Define long term exposure for hours in a day and hours in a week. 8hr day/40 hr week

81
Q

What is the maximum general body concentration of Carbon Dioxide a person can be exposed if a continual personal monitoring method is used

A

TWA -1.25%

STEL - 3%

82
Q

What should be recorded when taking gas readings in the excavations:Name 6

A 
Person’s name 
Gas type 
Location 
Time 
Date 
Weather Conditions

Gas (4 decks)

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