gaseous state

Question 1

avogadros hypothesis and law

Answer 1

hypothesis: equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of pressure and temperature contain the same number of molecules

law: for a gas at constant pressure and temperature, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas

Question 2

Gay-Lussac law

Answer 2

for a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its ABSOLUTE temperature

Question 3

Charles law

Answer 3

for a fixed pass of gas at constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to its ABSOLUTE temperature

Question 4

Boyles law

Answer 4

for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas

Question 5

ideal gas equation
molar mass equation
density equation

Answer 5

pV = nRT

M = mRT/pV

density = MP/RT

Question 6

assumptions for ideal gas

Answer 6

contains particles of negligible volume
particles exert negligible attractive forces on each other

Question 7

conditions to approach ideality

Answer 7

1. Low pressure
   - gas particles are very far apart
   - volume occupied by the gas particles are negligible compared to the volume of the container
   - the intermolecular attractive forces between the widely spaced particles are negligible
2. High temp
   - the particles possess sufficient high kinetic energy to overcome the intermolecular attractive forces and
   - these forces can be considered negligible

Question 8

deviating from ideality conditions and explanation

Answer 8

1. High pressure
   - gas particles are much closer together and occupy a smaller volume
   - volume of particles are not negligible compared to volume of the container
   - intermolecular attractive forces between the closely spaced particles are also significant
2. Low temperature
   - particles posses less kinetic energy and the intermolecular attractive forces become signficant

Question 9

positive and negative deviation from ideal gas graph explanation

Answer 9

Negative deviation
- when pressure is moderately high, the volume occupied by the gases becomes smaller
- particles come closer and the intermolecular attractive forces become significant
- causes gas to occupy a smaller volume than if it were ideal
- decreased volume, smaller pv/rt

Positive deviation
- when pressure is very high, the volume occupied by the gas becomes very small
- particles come very close to one another such that there is the repulsive forces between their electron clouds
- causes gas to occupy a larger volume than if it were ideal
- increased volume, larger pv/rt

Question 10

Daltons law of partial pressures

Answer 10

total pressure of a mixture of non reacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture