Gaseous exchange in humans (the structure) Flashcards
What are the small hairs of the nasal cavity do?
they filter out large particles from the inhaled air
Name the membrane that the nasal cavity is lined with
mucous membrane
what does the mucous membrane consists of ?
a ciliated columnar epithelial cell
function of the Ciliated columnar epithelial cell
is richly supplied with superficial blood capillaries that provide warmth for the incoming air
what is in the ciliated columnar epithelial cell that secretes mucus
Goblet cells
why do the Goblet cells secrete mucus
to trap dust and germs
prevent inhaled germs from Multiplying
moistens and warms incoming air
the function of the cilia
sweep out the dust carrying muscus
What does the pharynx do ?
Leads to two openings
What two openings does the pharynx lead to
Glottis (trachea)
Gullet (oesophagus)
What is the pharynx lined with
Mucous membrane
Trachea , where is it?
In front of the Oesophagus
Where is your voice box ,located ?
On top of the trachea
what is the larynx made out of
Cartilage
What is the thin leaf shaped structure made of cartilage?
Your Epiglottis
What does the Epiglottis do
It closes the glottis (the opening of the trachea) ,during the swallowing process
Why does the Epiglottis have to close the glottis during the swallowing process?
To prevent food from entering the trachea and you choking
Discuss the structure of the trachea
Reinforced, kept open by C shaped cartilage rings
Why are the openings of the C shaped cartilage rings covered by an involuntary muscle tissue
To allow the oesophagus to expand as food moves food moves down through it
What is the trachea lined with
Mucous membranes
What does the trachea later divide into ?
Right and Left bronchi
What are the bronchi lined up with ?
Mucous membranes
O shaped cartilage
What are the small branches bronchi divide into
Bronchioles
What are the lungs surrounded and protected by
12 pairs of ribs
What muscles are found between the ribs and the lungs
Intercostal muscles
Explain the texture of the lungs
Spongy and elastic
What membrane are the lungs surrounded by
Pleura
What is the membrane between the 2 pleural membrane that prevents friction that occurs when the lungs shrink or expand
Interpleural fluid
What is the very thin wall that consists of a single layer
Squamous epithelium
Why do the Bronchioli eventually end in millions of alveoli
increase the gaseous exchange
Why does the wall of an alveolus consists if a single layer squamous epithelium
Thin surface for efficient gaseous exchange
Why is the Aveoli surrounded by a network of blood capillaries
Transport if O2 to the tissues and Co2 to the lungs
Walls if the blood capillaries consist of a single layer it ednothelium
For efficient gaseous exchange
Inhalation
Air moving from the environment into the lungs
Exhalation
Air moves from the lungs to the environment
What process is inhalation
Active process
What process is exhalation
Passive process
