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Physics > Gas Supplies, Breathing Systems and Ventilators > Flashcards

Gas Supplies, Breathing Systems and Ventilators Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

Critical Temperature

A

The temperature above which a substance cannot be liquefied irrespective of the amount of pressure applied.

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2
Q

Critical pressure

A

The minimum pressure required to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature.

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3
Q

Gas definition

A

A compressible fluid where intermolecular spacing is so large that intermolecular forces are negligible.

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4
Q

Vapour definition

A

A gas below its critical temperature, thus compression to the liquid is possible

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5
Q

What is a fixed gas

A

Gas above its critical temperature

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6
Q

How does a VIE work

A

double skinned steel tank with a vacuum of 0.16-0.3kpa between the skins

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7
Q

What temp is vie kept at

A

-160-180 (below critical temp of -118)

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8
Q

Critical temp of N2O

A

36.4

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9
Q

how full should an n2o cylinder be

A

75% of the weight of the water that would fill the cylinder
based on weight and not volume- differing densities of nitrous and water mean the cylinder willl not be 75% full by volume

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10
Q

What is entonox?

A

50:50 oxygen : nitrous by volume (not weight)

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11
Q

Pseudocritical temp of entonox

A

-5.5 c

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12
Q

how often are cylinder checked

A

5 years

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13
Q

What are cylinders made of

A

molybdenum steel

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14
Q

Which mapleson circuits are used in paeds?

A

E/F

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15
Q

what is a waters circuit most similar to

A

mapleson C

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16
Q

Examples of mapleson A circuits

A

Magill + lack

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17
Q

When is mapleseon A efficient/inefficient

A

efficient in spontaneous ventilation, inefficient in controlled ventilation

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18
Q

Where is the apl valve in mapleson D

A

machine end

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19
Q

Main constituent of soda lime?

A

calcium hydroxide (75%)
only 4% sodium hydroxide

20
Q

Soda lime/CO2 reaction has what properties

A

exothermic
produces 1 mole water for each mole CO2 removed

21
Q

What does the pethick procedure test for?

A

Fracture of the inner fresh gas tube at the common gas outlet in a bain circuit (results in a big increase in dead space)

22
Q

Are bain circuits affecred by the length of the system?

A

no

23
Q

HOw much fresh gas flow does a mapleson A circuit require?

A

70% MV

24
Q

WHat is the lack modification?

A

Removes the APL valve from the patient mask in mapleson A circuit

25
Q

WHat does a cardiff aldasorber use

A

absorbs volatiles onto activated charcoal

26
Q

HOw much carbon dioxide will 1kg of soda lime absorb?

A

120L

27
Q

Co-axial version of the mapleson A?

A

lack system

28
Q

SIze of a resevoir bag?

A

Approx 2L

29
Q

What is the jackson rees modification to a mapleson E?

A

SPecialised resevoir bag with an opening to allow controlled leak and variable PEEP (mapleson F)

30
Q

Pros of resevoir bags?

A

-prevent wastage of fresh gas flow during expiratory pause
- Rough visual assesment of the volume of ventilation
-Act as a resevoir as the machine cannot provide the peak inspiratory flow req in normal respiration

31
Q

HOw much fgf does a bain (mapleson D) need

A

2-3x MV to prevent rebreathing

32
Q

What affects rate of change of vapour conc in a circle system?

A

system volume
FGF rate
Net gas uptake

33
Q

WHat is in baralyme

A

calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide

34
Q

Is the soda lime reaction influenced by water?

A

Generates water, but the presence/absence of water does not affect ability to absorb co2

35
Q

MAC of nitrous oxide?

A

105%

36
Q

Is nitrous oxide inert?

A

No, with sufficient heat dissociates to become an avid oxidant

37
Q

What does Nitrous cylinder look like?

A

FRench blue, pin index 3 + 5

38
Q

Why does soda lime require some water for the absorption process

A

Dry soda lime can generate carbon monoxide when using volatiles containing the CHF2 moiety

39
Q

What does the letter classification mean on a gas cylinder?

A

Size
Two letters are the new aluminium/kevlar cylinders, one letter is the old molyb. cyllinders

40
Q

what is the pressure in an oxygen cylinder on the back of an anaesthetic machine?

A

137bar (size E)

41
Q

Pressure inside a nitrous cyllinder?

A

44bar

42
Q

Weight of an E sizy nitrous cyllinder when empty?

A

5.4kg

43
Q

filling ratio for nitrous in the UK?

A

0.75

44
Q

What is the gas pressure in pipes in hosp?

A

4 bar, apart from surgical air which is 7 bar

45
Q
A

Physics (9 decks)

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