Gas Laws/Gas problems Flashcards
What is Boyles law?
For any gas at a constant temperature the volume of the gas will vary inversely with the pressure. Law of pressure and volume.
DL+33/DA+33*OV=NV
Or
P1+V1=P1+V2
What is Charles’/Gay-Lussacs Law?
For any gas at a constant pressure the volume of the gas will vary directly with the absolute temperature or for any gas at a constant volume the pressure of the gas will vary directly with the absolute temperature.
Law of pressure and temperature.
V2=(V1*T2)/T1
What is Daltons Law?
The total pressure exerted my a mixture of gasses is equal to the sum of pressures of each of the different gasses making up the mixture with each gas acting as if it alone was present and occupied the total volume.
Pt=PP1+PP2+PP3+ect. Or PP
ATA %
What is Henry’s law?
The amount of any given gas that will dissolve in a liquid at a given temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with the liquid and solubility coefficient of the gas in the particular liquid.
Law of gas absorption and solubility.
What is Archemides’ principle?
Any object wholly or partially immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Law of buoancy.
What is Hypoxia?
What are symptoms?
Lack of O2, if O2 levels drop below .16 the onset of hypoxia will begin; normal levels of O2 are .21 ATA’s.
Symptoms: Lack of concentration, Lack of muscle control, unable to preform delicate or skill requiring tasks, drowsiness, weakness, agitation, euphoria, or unconsciousness.
What is Hypercapnia?
Symptoms?
Hypercapnia is excessive carbon dioxide(CO2). Should remain below 1.5%SE during hard work.
Symptoms:headaches, may occur after exposure, shortness of breath, increased respiratory rate, dizziness/light headedness, nausea, mental confusion and unconsciousness.
What is Carbon monoxide(CO) poisoning?
Causes?
Symptoms?
Caused by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons.
Symptoms: may be delayed until the diver ascends, weakness, dizziness, confusion, tightness across the forehead, headache and pounding at the temples, nausea, vomiting and unconsciousness.
Sampling is required ever 6months, and should not exceed 20ppm.
What is O2 toxicity?
CNS and Pulmonary O2 toxicity.
Cause?
Symptoms?
Central Nervous System O2 toxicity; most likely to occur when divers are exposed to more than 1.6ATA’s of O2.
Symptoms: V.E.N.T.I.D.C
Pulmonary O2 toxicity: low pressure O2 toxicity, ppO2 > .6ATA’s
What is barotrauma?
Damage done to tissues when there is change in ambient pressure. The most common is a middle ear squeeze.
What is Pulmonary over inflation syndrome?
Causes?
Symptoms?
POIS: expansion of gas trapped in the lung during ascent or Over pressurization of the lung with subsequent over expansion and rupture of the alveolar air sacs.
An AGE requires immediate re compression to 60fsw.
What is an AGE?
Causes?
Arterial gas embolism; the most serious problem of diving and is caused by excess pressure inside the lungs that causes an overexpansion and rupture of the alveolar air sacs and blood vessels. Air is the forced into the pulmonary capillary bed and bubbles are carried to the left chambers of the heat where they are then pumped out into the arteries. Any bubble to large to fit through the artery lodges and forms a plug(embolus) tissue are the. Deprived of O2 and blood.
AGE symptoms?
Varies from where the blockage occurs.
What is Mediastinal emphysema?
Gas forced through torn lung tissue into the loose mediastinal tissue in the middle of the chest around the heart trachea and major blood vessels. It is the most common form of POIS.
What is Subcutaneous emphysema?
Expansion of gas that has peaked from the mediastinum to the subcutaneous tissue of the neck.
