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Chemistry > Gas laws and The mole > Flashcards

Gas laws and The mole Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s Boyle’s law?

A

For a fixed mass of gas is kept at a constant temperature the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure.

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2
Q

What’s Charles’s law?

A

For a fixed mass of gas kept at constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

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3
Q

What’s Gay-lussac’s law?

A

In reactions between gases, the volumes of the reacting gases and the volume of the products, if gaseous, are in the ratio of small whole numbers (at S.T.P).

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4
Q

The Avogadro’s law?

A

Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.

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5
Q

Whats an Ideal Gas?

A

One that obeys the gas laws at all temperatures. (In reality no such gas exists)

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6
Q

What’s Avogadro’s constant?

A

The number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotopes.

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7
Q

What is a mole?

A

That amount of a substance that contains Avogadro’s constant number of particles.

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8
Q

What’s molar volume?

A

The volume occupied by a gas. It is equal to 22.4L as STP and about 24L at room temperature.

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9
Q

What is molar mass?

A

The mass in grams of one mole of a substance.

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10
Q

What is a volatile liquid?

A

A liquid that is easily vaporised.

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11
Q

What is a gas?

A

A gas is a substance that has no well defined boundaries but defuses rapidly to fill any container in which it’s placed.

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12
Q

What are the two scales of temperature measurement?

A

Celsius and Kelvin

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13
Q

How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin?

A

Add 273

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14
Q

What is pressure in relation to gases?

A

The pressure of a gas is the force that the gas exerts on each unit area of its container.

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15
Q

What’s the SI unit for pressure?

A

Newtons per metres squared (N/m^2)

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16
Q

What’s another name for Newtons per meters squared?

A

Pascals (Pa)

17
Q

What’s the measurement of atmospheric pressure?

A

1 x 10^5 Pa.

18
Q

What’s the SI unit for volume?

A

Cubic meter (m^3)

19
Q

What are the other two, less commonly used units for volume?

A
  • Cubic centimetre (cm^3)

- Cubic litre (dm^3)

20
Q

Do volumes of gases stay the same when temperature and pressure changes?

A

No, they change.

21
Q

What are the measurements of STP?

A
  • 273K

- 1 x 10^5Pa

22
Q

What’s the Combined Gas Law Equation

A

P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2

23
Q

What’s the equation for Boyle’s law?

A

PV = K

24
Q

What’s the equation for Charles’s law?

A

V/T = K

25
Q

What’s the equation for Ideal gas law?

A

PV=nRT

26
Q

Who developed the kinetic theory of gases?

A

James Clerk Maxwell and Kidwig Boltzmann.

27
Q

Give 3 of 5 theory assumptions for the kinetic theory of gases

A
  1. ) Gases are made up of particles whose diameters are negligible compared to the distances between them.
  2. ) There are no attractive or repulsive forces between these particles.
  3. ) The particles are in constant rapid random motion, colliding with each other and with walls of the container.
  4. ) The average kinetic energy of the particles is proportional to the Kelvin temperature.
  5. ) All collisions are perfectly elastic.
28
Q

What is the limitation to assumption two? (There are no attractive or repulsive forces between these particles)

A

There are forces of attraction between the particles of gas (e.g. dipole-dipole).

29
Q

What is the limitation of assumption 2? (The particles are in constant rapid random motion, colliding with each other and with walls of the container.)

A

It is not valid to say that the total volume of gas is always negligible compared with the space that they occupy.

30
Q

When do gases deviate from ideal behavior?

A

High pressures and low temperatures.

31
Q

What happens under these conditions?

A

The effect of the inter-molecular forces become more significant and the volume of the particles cannot be ignored compared to the volume in which they move.

32
Q

When do gases behave most ideally?

A

Low pressure and high temperature.

33
Q

Give two reasons of why real gases deviate?

A
  • Inter-molecular forces are present.
  • Molecules have volume.
  • Collisions are not perfectly elastic.
34
Q

What is the unit that is used for measuring Gas constant?

A

JK^-1 mol^-1

35
Q

How many particles are in a mole?

A

6.02 x 10^23

36
Q

Do all moles weigh the same?

A

No, moles of different substances have different masses.

Chemistry (11 decks)

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