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Gas laws > Gas laws > Flashcards

Gas laws Flashcards

1
Q

Boyles law… equation?

A

PV=K; V1P1=V2P2

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2
Q

wording of boyle’s law…

A

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature

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3
Q

Examples of boyle’s law (3)

A
  1. release of large amount of gas from compressed cylinder
  2. squeezing ambu bag raises pressure decreases volume
  3. allows calculation for how long cylinder of gs will last
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4
Q

Charles Law… equation

A

V/T= K ; V1T1= V2T2

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5
Q

Wording of Charles law…

A

volume is directly proportional to absolute temp (K) at constant pressure; when temp increases, volume of gas increases

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6
Q

Examples of Charles law (3)

A
  1. inflatable cuff of ETT or LMA expands during sterilization in autoclave
  2. spirometry
  3. heat loss by convection- as air around body is heated by convection, volume of mass of gas increases and rises from patient
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7
Q

Gay- Lussac’s law… equation

A

P/T= K; P1T1= P2T2

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8
Q

Wording of Gay-Lussac law…

A

pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature if volume is constant

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9
Q

Examples of Gay- Lussac law (3)

A
  1. when temp of closed cylinder increases, pressure increases
  2. as cylinder containing N20 empties, temperature decreases
  3. woods metal blows when temperature increases substantially
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10
Q

Avogadro’s equation …

A

v/n=K…. one mole is 6.022x 10^23 particles
one mole of gas at STP occupies 22.3 liters.
equal volumes of gas at same temp and pressure contain same number of molecules regardless of chemical nature or physical properties.

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11
Q

example of Avogadro’s equation

A

explains why tipping vaporizer is so hazardous. 1mL of volatile agent yields 200 mL vapor

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12
Q

Ideal gas law… equation

A

PV= NRT

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13
Q

examples of ideal gas law.. (2)

A
  1. as cylinder of compressed gas empties, the pressure in cylinder falls (bc number of moles in tank is decreasing)
  2. calculate amount of oxygen remaining in a cylinder from gauge pressure
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14
Q

Dalton’s law equation…

A

Ptotal = Pgas1 +Pgas2… etc

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15
Q

wording of Dalton’s law…

A

total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to sum of pressures of individual gases

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16
Q

examples of Dalton’s law… (2)

A
  1. permits calculation of % concentration of gas dividing partial pressure of gas by total pressure
  2. permits calculation of partial pressure of gas by multiplying percent concentration by total pressure
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17
Q

Henry’s Law wording…

A

at constant pressure, the mass of a gas that dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid

18
Q

Henry’s law examples.. (4)

A
  1. permits calculation of amount of 02 dissolved in blood
  2. permits calculation of amount of C02 dissolved in blood
  3. partial pressure of anesthetic agent in blood is proportional to partial pressure of volatile agent in alveoli
  4. hyperbaric 02 therapy
19
Q

Ficks Law of Diffusion equation…

A

diffusion rate = (p1-p2)x (area)x (solubility)/ (membrane thickness)x (square root MW)

20
Q

Ficks law wording…

A

diffusion rate is directly proportional to partial pressure gradient, membrane area, and solubility. diffusion rate is indirectly proportional to membrane thickness

21
Q

Ficks law examples… (4)

A
  1. concentration effect
  2. second gas effect
  3. diffusional hypoxia
  4. expansion of gas spaces, increase in pressure of closed gas spaces when N20 is turned on
22
Q

Grahams Law equation…

A

Diffusion indirectly proportional to 1/ square of MW ?

23
Q

Grahams law examples… (3)

A
  1. the larger the gas molecule, the slower it diffuses across a membrane
  2. part of the second gas effect- the rapid uptake of a smaller molecule concentrates the larger molecule left behind
  3. diffusion hypoxia (reversing second gas effect)
24
Q

Pressure and force equation…

A

P= F/A

25
Q

pressure and force wording…

A
  1. force is anything that causes an object to undergo a change in movement, direction, or shape.
  2. One pascal is the pressure of piece of paper resing on a table
  3. 1 kPa= 1 bar= 1 atm = 14.7 psi = 760 mmHg
  4. a larger syringe requires greater force to generate the same pressure
  5. any spring + diaphragm valve, for example APL valve
26
Q

hagan- poiseuille law (laminar flow)

A

Q= pi r^4 x change in P / 8nL

27
Q

wording of hagan poiseuille law..

A

flow is direcly proportional to radius.

28
Q

examples of poiseuille law… (5)

A
  1. doubling radius increases flow 16x. tripling radius increase flow 81x
  2. increase flow by increasing diameter of needle or decreasing length of needle or by raising IV bag height
  3. larger ETT equals less resistance to flow
  4. tapered flowmeter with ball or bobbin
  5. viscosity of blood- polycythemic pt has decreased bloodflow through tissues( high viscocity of blood), anemic pt has increased bloodflow through tissues (low viscoscity of blood)
29
Q

Reynolds number (turbulent flow)…

A

predicts when turbulent flow will occur >1500-2000

30
Q

Reynolds number examples… (5)

A
  1. density is much more important than viscocity with turbulent flow
  2. heliox mixture
  3. bruits- turbulent flow past plaques is audible
  4. tapered flowmeters
  5. relates to tube wall roughness, bends, kinks, narrowing
31
Q

law of laplace equation…

A

T= Pr/2h; cylinder T= Pr ; sphere T= Pr/2

32
Q

Law of laplace wording

A

with cylinder shaped structures, as radius increases, tension increases

33
Q

Law of laplace examples (4)

A
  1. a blood vessel with an aneurysm has greater wall tension
  2. with greater ventricular filling during diastole, there is increased tension in wall at end- diastole
  3. in ards- smaller alveoli empty into larger alveoli
  4. explains why babys first breath requires high large negative intrathoracic pressure
34
Q

venturi effect (bernoullis equation) wording…

A

when flow through constricted tube occurs, velocity of flow increases

35
Q

examples of venturi effect… (5)

A
  1. nebulizer
  2. venturi mask
  3. jet ventilator
  4. injector
  5. anterior leaflet of IHSS
36
Q

Joule- Thompson effect wording and examples

A
  1. as cylinder of compressed gas empties, the cylinder cools; condensation and ice crystals may be seen.
  2. the cryoprobe operates of basis of joule Thompson effect
37
Q

Ohm’s law equation…

A

V= IR

38
Q

Ohms law wording…

A

relates to volts, ampere, and ohms

with fluids Q= change in P/R

39
Q

what can be calculated through Ohms…

A

SVR, resistance of flow through a tube

40
Q

Beer Lambert law…

A

relates to pulse ox. infared absorption spectroscopy, ETCO2 determinations

Gas laws (1 decks)

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