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11x5 > Gas Exchange & Transpiration > Flashcards

Gas Exchange & Transpiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The net movement of water up the xylem to the stomata in the leaf, wherby the water vapour is removed via evaporation

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2
Q

increasing the light intensity increases the rate of transpiration why

A

more light opens more stomata

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3
Q

What are the 3 factors that increase the rate of transpiration?

A

Wind, Light, temperature

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4
Q

How does higher light intensity affect transpiration?

A

greater transpiration rates, because plants open their stomata in response to light, allowing water vapour to escape from the leaves.

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5
Q

During the day , are the stoma open or closed?!?

A

Open

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6
Q

What effect do wind speeds have on transpiration?

A

It increases it

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7
Q

How is the spongy mesophyll adapted to its function?

A

The spongy mesophyll has lots of air spaces meaning that it increases the surface area to volume ratio to increase the diffusion carbon dioxide.

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8
Q

What is the word equation for Photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water -> Oxygen + Glucose

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9
Q

What factor reduces the rate of transpiration?

A

Humidity

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10
Q

How does higher humidity affect transpiration?

A

the transpiration rate decreases as It is easier for water to evaporate into dryer air due to the Prescence of a high to low concentration gradient

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11
Q

What happens to the stomata when hydrated and dehydrated

A

The stomata will open when hydrated, and closed when dehydrated.

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12
Q

State all four factors that affect the rate of transpiration in a plant

A
  • Temperature
  • Light/CO2
  • Humidity
  • Wind
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13
Q

Explain how guard cells open

A

Guard cells become turgid, opening to stomate and allowing gases to enter and exit the leaf

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13
Q

what is the adaptation of the spongy mesophyll layer for gas exchange

A

lots of air space to increase the surfaces area for more diffusion of co2

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14
Q

what is the name of the indicator that shows if carbon dioxide is present

A

Hydrogen carbonate indicator

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15
Q

what is the middle part of the structure of the leaf called and way has is it adapted for photosynthesis.

A

The middle part is called the mesophyll, the pallisade mesophyll contains lots of chloroplats meaning more abosrbtion of light meaning more photosynthesis. The spongy mesophyll contains air spaces, allowing gases to move easier, meaning faster rate of diffusion of CO2, meaning faster rate of photosynthesis.

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16
Q

How many waxy cuticle layers are there?

A

2

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17
Q

What indicator is used to measure transpiration?

A

Hydrogen-carbonate indicator

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18
Q

Why does the shoot need to be cut at an angle when measuring the rate of transpiration?

A

Increase surface area to reduce air bubbles into the Xylem

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19
Q

Why are leaves thin?

A

Leaves are thin to create a short diffusion pathway for gases so that the diffusion of gases in and out of the leaf are much quicker.

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20
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A
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20
Q

What are the two types of measuring the rate of transpirtaion in a leaf?

A
  • mass potometer
  • bubble potometer
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21
Q

What does the xylem transport and to where?

A

Water and dissolved mineral ions from the root to the leaves

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22
Q

By what process does water move from the soil to the root hair cell?

A

Osmosis

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23
Q

What is the factor that decreases the rate of transpiration the more there is?

A

humidity

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23
Q

Why does humidity lower the rate of transpiration?

A

Because there is a higher - and growing - concentration of water molecules on the outside of the leaf than inside

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what is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

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