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Biology (TOPIC 3A) - Exchange and Transport systems > GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS > Flashcards

GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of breathing

A

movement of air into and out of the lungs

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2
Q

Definition of ventilation

A

the scientific word for breathing

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3
Q

Definition of respiration

A

chemical reaction to release energy the form of ATP

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4
Q

Definition of gaseous exchange

A

diffusion of oxygen from the air in the alveoli into the blood and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the air in the alveoli

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5
Q

what are the key parts of the human gas exchange system

A 
alveoli
bronchioles
bronchi
trachea
lungs
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6
Q

what is the trachea

A

it is the windpipe and has tough C shaped cartilage rings within it which support and keeps the trachea open

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7
Q

what is the bronchi and bronchioles

A

the trachea branches into two tubes called the bronchi and then the bronchi branches into even smaller tubes called the bronchioles

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8
Q

what is the alveoli

A

at the end of the bronchioles there are air sacs with very thin epithelial cells which are called alveoli

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9
Q

what is inspiration

A

breathing in

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10
Q

what is expiration

A

breathing out

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11
Q

The process of inspiration

A 
External intercostal muscles - contract
Internal intercostal muscles - relax
Ribs move - Up and out
Diaphragm - contract
Movement of diaphragm - Flattens
Volume of thoracic activity - Increase
Pressure of thoracic activity - Decrease
Movement of air - Air moves in
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12
Q

The process of expiration

A 
External intercostal muscles - relax
Internal intercostal muscles - contract
Ribs move - in and down
Diaphragm - relax
Movement of diaphragm - Up ( doomed position )
Volume of thoracic activity - Decrease
Pressure of thoracic activity - Increase
Movement of air - Air moves out
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13
Q

How to calculate the rate pulmonary ventilation

A

pulmonary ventilation rate ( dm3 min -1) = tidal volume (dm3) x breathing rate (min -1)

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14
Q

what happens once the gases are in the alveoli

A

gas exchanges between the epithelium and the blood

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15
Q

how are alveoli adapted for gas exchange

A
  • there are lots of alveoli ( tiny air sacs) which created a very large surface area for gas exchange
  • the alveoli epithelium cells are very thin (one cell thick) to minimum diffusion distance
  • Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of capillaries to remove exchanges gases , and therefore maintains a concentration gradient
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16
Q

Describe the movement of carbon dioxide and oxygen across the alveolar epithelium

A

oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli, across the alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium ( a type of epithelium that forms the capillary wall ),and into the haemoglobin in the blood
carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli from the blood , and is breathed out

Biology (TOPIC 3A) - Exchange and Transport systems (5 decks)

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