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Physiology 2nd Bi > Gas Exchange And O2 CO2 Transport > Flashcards

Gas Exchange And O2 CO2 Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Random motion of molecules in all directions through the respiratory membrane and adjacent fluids

A

Diffusion

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2
Q

Caused by multiple impacts of moving molecules against a surface

A

Pressure

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3
Q

True or False

Pressure is directly proportional to the concentration of gas molecules

A

True

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4
Q

In respiratory physiology, one deals with mixture of gases:

A

Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Rate of diffusion of each of these gases directly proportional to the pressure cause by that gas alone

A

Partial pressure

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6
Q

Gases dissoleved in water or in body of tissues also exert pressure because

A

The dissolved gas molecule are moving randomly and have kinetic energy

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7
Q

Factors that determine the partial pressure of a gas dissolved in a fluid

A

Concentration/
Solubility coefficient of the gas

=partial pessure

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8
Q

Solubility coefficient highest to lowest

A

CO2>oxygen>CO>N>He

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9
Q

Which factor in the alveolar respiratory gas mixture tends to force molecules of that gas into solution in the blood of the alveolar capillaries

A

Partial prssure

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10
Q

In which direction will net diffusion of the gas occur?

A

In oxygen, more molecules will diffuse into the blood because PO2 is greater in the gas phase

In CO2, PCO2 is greater in the dissolved state so net diffusuon will occur toward the gas phase in the alveoli

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11
Q

Partial pressure that the water molecules exert to escape through the surface is called

A

Vapor pressure or PH2O

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12
Q

Vapor pressure normal value

A

47 mmHg

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13
Q

Factors that affect the rate of gas diffusion in the fluid (5)

A 
Solubility of the gas on the fluid
Cross sectional area of the fluid
Distance through which the gas must diffuse
Molecular weight of the gas
Temperature of the fluid

(Soul Cross, Mold dis temp!)

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14
Q

The greater the solubility of the gas, the lesser the number of molecules available to diffuse

True or False

A

False. Lesser must be greater

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15
Q

These two factors determine the diffusion coefficient of the gas

A

Solubility and molecular weight

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16
Q

The relative rate at which different gases at the same partial pressure levels will diffuse

A

diffusion coefficient of the gas

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17
Q

Relative diffusion coefficients ranked:

A

CO2>O2>He>CO>N

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18
Q

The major limitation to the movt of gases in tissues

A

Rate at which the gases can diffuse through the tissue instead of the cell membranes

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19
Q

All are correct except:

A. Alveolar air is completely replaced with alveolar air with each breath
B. O2 is constantly absorbed into the pulmonary blood from the alveolar air
C. CO2 is constantly diffusing from the pulmonary blood into the alveoli
D. Dry atm air that enters the respi passages are being humidified even before it reaches the alveoli

A

A.Only partially

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20
Q

Composition of atm air except

N
O2
CO2
Water vapor

A

CO2 almost none

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21
Q

True or False

Total pressure in the alveoli can rise to more than the atm pressure (760mmHg at sea level) that this water vapor simply concentrates all the other gases in the humidification of the air

A

False. Cannot. Dilutes

22
Q

Volume of alveolar air replaced by new atm air with each breath is only 1/6 of the total so multiple breaths are required to exchange most of the alveolar air.

T/F

A

1/7

23
Q

Slow replacement if alveolar air is impt in

A. Preventing sudden changes in gas conc in the blood
B. Makes respo ctrl much more stable
C. Helps prevent excessive increases and decreases in tissue oxygenation, tissue CO2, and tissue pH when respiration is temp interrupted
D. AOTA

A

D.

24
Q

O2 conc in the alveoli as well as its partial pressure is controlled by

A

Rate of absorption of O2 into the blood

Rate of entry of new O2 into the lungs by the ventilatory process

25
Q

Normal value of alveolar PO2

A

104 mmHg

Max: 149mmHg

26
Q

Normal operating rate for alveolar PCO2 at 4.2L/min

A

40mmHg

27
Q

Alveolar PCO2 = rate of CO2 excretion/alveolar ventilation

A

True

28
Q

Expired air is a combination of

A

Dead Space Air and Alveolar Air

29
Q

Method for collecting alveolar air for study

A

Collecting a sample of the last portion of the expired air after forceful expiration has removed all the dead space air.

30
Q

A respiratory unit is composed of

A. Respi lobule
B. Respi bronchiole
C. Alveolar ducts
D. Atria
E. Alveoli
A

Except A. That is the other name

31
Q

Gas exhange between the alveolar air and the pulmonary blood occurs thru the membranes of only the terminal portions of the lungs.

T/F

A

false. In the alveoli also

32
Q

Estimated total SA of the respi membranes is about

A

70 sq.m

Or 25x30ft. Floor

33
Q

Average diameter of the pulm capillaries

A

5micrometers

34
Q

Total qnty of blood in the capillaries at any given instant

A

60-140mm

35
Q

Factors that affect the rate of gas diffusion through the respi membrane (4)

A

A. Thickness of the membrane
B. Surface area of the membrane
C. Diffusion coefficient of the gas in the substance of the membrane
D. Partial pressure difference of the gas between the two side of the membranes

36
Q

In emphysema, many of the alveoli coalesce resulting to..

Which is true

A. Dissolution of many alveolar walls
B. SA is increased

A

A.

B should be decreased

37
Q

Solubility sq.root of molecular weight

A

Diffusion coefficient

38
Q

The difference between the two pressure in the alveoli and capillary is a measure of

A

The net tendency for the gas molecules to move through the membrane

39
Q

Ability of the respi membrane to exchange a gas betw the alveoli and the pulm blood is expressed in qntive terms by the

Or

Volume of a gas that will diffuse thru the membrane each minute for a partial pressure difference of 1 mmHg

A

Respi membrane’s diffusing capacity

40
Q

Ave. diffusing capacity for a young man

A

21 mL/min/mmHg

41
Q

Mean O2 pressure difference across the respi membrane during normal quiet breathing

A

11mmHg

42
Q

Under strenuous exercise, O2 diffusing capacity increases to

A

65 mL/min/mmHg

43
Q

Diffusing capacity increase factors

A

Increased total surface area

Ventilation-perfusion ratio

44
Q

CO2 assumed diffusing capacity

400-450 mL/min/mmHg
1200-1300mL/min/mmHg

A

20 times than that of O2

45
Q

A certain fraction of the venous blood passing thru the pulm capilaries that does not become oxygenated

A

Shunted blood

46
Q

Total qntive amount of shunted blood per minute

A

Physiological shunt

47
Q

Greater the physiological shunt, the greater the amount of blood that fails to be oxygenated as it passes thru the lungs

A

True

48
Q

Sum of the two types of wasted ventilation (alveolar and anatomical)

A

Physiological dead space

49
Q

At the top of the lung, Va/Q is 2.5 times as great as the ideal value. This causes a moderate degree of

A

Physiologic dead space

50
Q

In the bottom of the lung, there is slightly too little ventilation in relation to blood flow with Va/Q as low as 0.6x the ideal value. This represents

A

Physiological shunt

51
Q

Most prevalent cause of pulmonary disability today

A

Emphysema for smokers

Physiology 2nd Bi (5 decks)

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