Gas Exchange and Circulation Flashcards
Unicellular
directly exchange with environment
Multicellular
direct exchange with environment is not possible
Exchange occurs at what level?
Occur at cellular level by crossing the plasma membrane
What is an example of a specialized exchange system in animals?
Gills
Relating to gills, how does O2 diffuse?
O2 diffuses from water into blood vessels
Relating to gills, how does CO2 diffuse?
CO2 diffuses from blood into water
Internal transport and gas exchange are functionally related to animals. True or False
True
All animals have a circulatory system. True or False
False. Some animal lack a circulatory system
A gastrovascular cavities functions in both…
digestion and distribution of substances throughout body
Gastrovascular cavities are only one cell wall thick. True or false
False. The body wall that encloses the gastrovascular cavity is only TWO cells thick.
Do flatworms have a gastrovascular cavity?
Yes. Flatworms have a gastrovascular cavity and a large surface area to volume ratio
Three main parts of a circulatory system:
Circulatory fluid Set interconnecting vessels Muscular pump (heart)
Are circulatory systems open or closed?
Circulatory systems can be open or closed (vary number of circuits in the body)
Circulatory systems function:
connects fluid that surrounds cells with organs that exchange gases, absorb nutrients, and disposes of wastes
Open circulatory system
- bathes organs directly
- no direction between blood and interstitial fluid and (general body fluid called hemolymph)
In what animals is it common to have a open circulatory system?
Arthropods, most molluscs, and insects
Closed circulatory system
- confined to vessels and directional from interstitial fluid
- More efficient at transporting fluids to tissues and cells
In what animals it it common to have a closed circulatory system?
Annelids, cephalopods, and vertebrates
Cardiovascular system
closed circulatory system humans and vertebrates have
Main type of blood vessels:
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Arteries
Branch from arterioles and carry blood away from the heart
Veins
Venules converge into veins and return blood from capillaries to the heart
Capillaries
Capillary beds- network of capillaries, site of chemical exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid
How many chambers do vertebrate hearts contain?
Vertebrate hearts contain two or more chambers