Gas Exchange Flashcards
The process by which oxygen is transported TO the cells and carbon dioxide is transported FROM the cells
Gas Exchange
The flow of blood through arteries and capillaries delivering nutrients and oxygen to the cells
Perfusion
Insufficient flow of oxygenated blood to tissues.
Ischemia
Insufficient oxygen reaching cells.
Hypoxia
Total lack of oxygen in body tissues.
Anoxia
Reduced oxygenation of arterial blood.
Hypoxemia
What disorders can lead to changes in gas exchange?
Asthma, pneumonia, COPD, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.
What are three broad categories of gas exchange?
- Ventilation
- Transportation
- Perfusion
The process of inhaling oxygen into the lungs and exhaling carbon dioxide from the lungs.
Ventilation
The availability of (hg) hemoglobin and its ability to carry oxygen from the alveoli to the cells for metabolism and take carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism from cells to alveoli to be eliminated.
Transportation
Refers to the availability of blood to transport oxygen-containing (hg) hemoglobin to the cells and return carbon dioxide-containing (hg) hemoglobin to the alveoli.
Perfusion
What mild impairment is common with compromised gas exchange?
Fatigue
An acute infection of the lung parenchyma.
Pneumonia
An acute lung infection occurring in patients that have not been hospitalized or lived in long-term care facility within 14 days of onset of symptoms.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
From a non-intubated patient that begins 48 hours or longer after admission to hospital and was not present upon admission.
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)
Occurs more than 48 hours after endotracheal intubation.
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
- Most common type.
- Occurs in 1/3 of all cases.
- It may be mild and self-limiting or cause life-threatening problems.
Viral Pneumonia
May be extremely unwell and need hospital admission.
Bacterial Pneumonia
- Has traits of both viral and bacteria.
- Often called “atypical.”
- Mild and often occurs in persons younger than <40 yrs.
Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Abnormal entry of material from the mouth or stomach into the trachea and lungs.
Aspiration Pneumonia
A rare complication of bacterial lung infection.
Necrotizing Pneumonia
Inflammation and infection of the LRT in immunocompromised patients.
Opportunistic Pneumonia
The absence of gas or air in 1 or more areas of the lung, may occur with pneumonia.
May be symptomatic.
Atelectasis
A feature typical of bacterial pneumonia, occurs when the normally air-filled alveoli become filled with water, fluid, and/or debris
Consolidation
Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
Gold standard in testing for TB.
Sputum culture
Characterized by bronchial hyperreactivity with reversed expiratory airflow limitation, either spontaneously or with treatment.
Asthma
Considered a medication.
Needs an order.
Watch for toxicity (coughing, chest pain, dyspnea).
Watch for skin breakdown.
Oxygen
