Gas Exchange

Question 1

CN __ is the glossopharngeal nerve

Answer 1

IX

Question 2

CN ___ is the vagus nerve

Answer 2

X

Question 3

CN ___ is the trigeminal nerve

Answer 3

V

Question 4

Where does the larynx receive its blood supply from?

Answer 4

the superior and inferior laryngeal arterial branches of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, resepctively

Question 5

Reynolds #

Question 6

Turbulent airflow

Question 7

Laminar airflow

Question 8

What innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 8

Phrenic nerve

Question 9

What are the accessory muscles of respiration?

Answer 9

sternocleidomastoids and scalenes

Question 10

What are the abdominal muscles used in respiration?

Answer 10

rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis

Question 11

The CC is the sum of __ and ___

Answer 11

closing volume (CV) and RV

Question 12

What is closing volume?

Answer 12

the lung volume below which small airways begin to close during expiration

Question 13

T/F: Closure of small airways in the basal portions of the lung during deep expiration is a normal phenomenon d/t the gravity dependent increase in pleural pressure at the bases and d/t lack of pharnchymal support in distal airways.

Answer 13

true

Question 14

Does CC increase or decrease with age?

Answer 14

increase

Question 15

Why does CC increase with age?

Answer 15

D/t loss of structural parenchymal support tissue in the lung and an increase in RV

Question 16

Does FRC increase or decrease with age?

Answer 16

increases slightly

Question 17

The ___ exceeds ___ in the supine position at age 45 and in the upright position at age 65.

Answer 17

CC; FRC

Question 18

NMB cause what respiratory thing to decrease?

Answer 18

FRC

Question 19

What presents primarily as increased resistance?

Answer 19

bronchospasm, secretions in ETT, or partial circuit obstruction

Question 20

In ____ disease, the FEV1/FVC ratio is typically <80% with a decreased FEV1

Answer 20

obstructive

Question 21

In ____ disease, there is a normal FEV1/FVC ration and a decreased FEV1

Answer 21

restrictive

Question 22

What type of disease shows a mixed obstructive/restrictive pattern?

Answer 22

cystic fibrosis

Question 23

Mild respiratory disease is FEV1 ____

Answer 23

> 70%

Question 24

Moderate respiratory disease is FEV1 of ____

Answer 24

50-70%

Question 25

Severe respiratory disease is FEV1 of _____

Answer 25

30-50%

Question 26

Very severe respiratory disease is FEV1 of ____

Answer 26

<30%

Question 27

With very severe respiratory disease, what is a drug to consider using?

Answer 27

Ketamine

Question 28

What 3 disorders are incorporated with COPD?

Answer 28

emphysema, peripheral airway disease, chronic bronchitis

Question 29

T/F: Mild COPD patients should not have significant dyspnea, hypoxemia, or hypercarbia.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Moderate and severe COPD patients will have an elevated ____ at rest.

Answer 30

PaCO2

Question 31

What is the Haldane effect?

Answer 31

A property of Hgb in which oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces CO2 from the Hgb, increasing the removal of CO2

Question 32

Why does PaCO2 rise in COPD patients when supplemental O2 is adminsitered?

Answer 32

D/t a relative decrease in alveolar ventilation and an increase in alveolar dead space and shunt by the redistribution of perfusion away from lung areas of relatively normal V/Q matching to areas of very low V/Q ratio b/c regional HPV is decreased