Gas Exchange Flashcards
CN __ is the glossopharngeal nerve
IX
CN ___ is the vagus nerve
X
CN ___ is the trigeminal nerve
V
Where does the larynx receive its blood supply from?
the superior and inferior laryngeal arterial branches of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, resepctively
Reynolds #
Turbulent airflow
Laminar airflow
What innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
What are the accessory muscles of respiration?
sternocleidomastoids and scalenes
What are the abdominal muscles used in respiration?
rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis
The CC is the sum of __ and ___
closing volume (CV) and RV
What is closing volume?
the lung volume below which small airways begin to close during expiration
T/F: Closure of small airways in the basal portions of the lung during deep expiration is a normal phenomenon d/t the gravity dependent increase in pleural pressure at the bases and d/t lack of pharnchymal support in distal airways.
true
Does CC increase or decrease with age?
increase
Why does CC increase with age?
D/t loss of structural parenchymal support tissue in the lung and an increase in RV
Does FRC increase or decrease with age?
increases slightly
The ___ exceeds ___ in the supine position at age 45 and in the upright position at age 65.
CC; FRC
NMB cause what respiratory thing to decrease?
FRC
What presents primarily as increased resistance?
bronchospasm, secretions in ETT, or partial circuit obstruction
In ____ disease, the FEV1/FVC ratio is typically <80% with a decreased FEV1
obstructive
In ____ disease, there is a normal FEV1/FVC ration and a decreased FEV1
restrictive
What type of disease shows a mixed obstructive/restrictive pattern?
cystic fibrosis
Mild respiratory disease is FEV1 ____
> 70%
Moderate respiratory disease is FEV1 of ____
50-70%
Severe respiratory disease is FEV1 of _____
30-50%
Very severe respiratory disease is FEV1 of ____
<30%
With very severe respiratory disease, what is a drug to consider using?
Ketamine
What 3 disorders are incorporated with COPD?
emphysema, peripheral airway disease, chronic bronchitis
T/F: Mild COPD patients should not have significant dyspnea, hypoxemia, or hypercarbia.
True
Moderate and severe COPD patients will have an elevated ____ at rest.
PaCO2
What is the Haldane effect?
A property of Hgb in which oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces CO2 from the Hgb, increasing the removal of CO2
Why does PaCO2 rise in COPD patients when supplemental O2 is adminsitered?
D/t a relative decrease in alveolar ventilation and an increase in alveolar dead space and shunt by the redistribution of perfusion away from lung areas of relatively normal V/Q matching to areas of very low V/Q ratio b/c regional HPV is decreased
