garmmer Flashcards

1
Q

What is an independent Clauses

A

Contains a subject and verb and is complement and can stand on its own

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2
Q

What is a Dependent Clause

A

Definition: A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
Example: “Because it was raining.”

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3
Q

Simple Sentence:

A

Definition: A sentence that consists of only one independent clause.
Example: “He ran to catch the bus.”

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4
Q

Compound Sentence:

A

Definition: A sentence that consists of two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon.
Example: “I went to the store, and she stayed home.”

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5
Q

Complex Sentence:

A

Definition: A sentence that consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
Example: “Although she was tired, she continued working.”

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6
Q

Compound-Complex Sentence:

A

Definition: A sentence that consists of two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
Example: “I went to the store, but I forgot to buy milk because I was in a hurry.”

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7
Q

Compound Sentences Coordinator:

A

Definition: A word used to connect two independent clauses in a compound sentence. FanBoys
Example: Fan Boys means For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

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8
Q

Conjunctive Adverb:

A

Definition: An adverb that connects two independent clauses or sentences and shows the relationship between them.
Example: “however,” “therefore,” “in addition.” (semicolon + conjunctive adverb + comma ) “He worked very hard; as a result, he suffered a burnout.”

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9
Q

List of Conjunctive Adverbs:

A

however
therefore
furthermore
moreover
nevertheless
consequently
meanwhile
similarly
on the other hand

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10
Q

Compound Sentences Semicolon:

A

Definition: A punctuation mark (;) used to join two independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction.
Example: “I love to swim; it helps me relax.”

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11
Q

Complex Sentences Noun Clause:

A

Complex Sentences Noun Clause:
Definition: A dependent clause that functions as a noun within a complex sentence.
Example: “I wonder if she will come.”

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12
Q

Adverb Clause:

A

Adverb Clause:
Definition: A dependent clause that functions as an adverb within a sentence.
Example: “Since it was raining, we stayed indoors.”

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13
Q

Adjective Clause:

A

Definition: A dependent clause that functions as an adjective within a sentence.
Example: “The car that is parked outside is mine.”

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14
Q

Parallelism Grammar:

A

Definition: The use of consistent grammatical structures within a sentence or paragraph.

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15
Q

Sentence Fragments:

A

Definition: Incomplete sentences that lack a subject, predicate, or complete thought.
Example: “Running in the park.”

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16
Q

Choppy Sentences:

A

Definition: Sentences that are too short and lack flow or variety.
Example: “I woke up. I got dressed. I ate breakfast.”

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17
Q

Run-on Sentences:

A

Definition: Two or more independent clauses joined together without proper punctuation or conjunctions.
Example: “She went to the store I stayed home.”

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18
Q

Comma Splice:

A

Definition: Two independent clauses joined together with only a comma, without a coordinating conjunction.
Example: “She went to the store, I stayed home.”

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19
Q

Stingy Sentence:

A

Stingy Sentence:
Definition: A sentence that lacks detail and is brief to the point of being uninformative.
Example: “It rained.”

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20
Q

Independent Noun Clauses:

A

Definition: Noun clauses that can function as independent clauses in a sentence.
Example: “What she said surprised me.”

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21
Q

Subjunctive Noun Clauses:

A

Definition: Noun clauses that express a hypothetical or unreal situation.
Example: “If I were you, I would go.”

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22
Q

Whether or If Noun Clauses:

A

Definition: Noun clauses that introduce choices or options.
Example: “Whether we go or stay is up to you.”

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23
Q

Question Clauses:

A

Definition: Clauses that ask a question within a sentence.
Example: “Do you know where he went?”

24
Q

Adverb Clauses:

A

Definition: Clauses that function as adverbs, providing information about time, place, reason, or manner.
Example: “He left early so that he wouldn’t be late.”

25
Q

Subordinating Conjunction:

A

Definition: A word that connects a dependent clause to an independent clause.
Example: “because,” “although,” “if.”

26
Q

Time Clauses:

A

Definition: Adverb clauses that provide information about when an action takes place.
Example: “She left before the sun rose.”

27
Q

Place Clauses:

A

Definition: Adverb clauses that provide information about where an action takes place.
Example: “He looked for his keys where he usually leaves them.”

28
Q

Distance Clauses:

A

Definition: Adverb clauses that provide information about the distance an action takes place.
Example: “He could see the mountains as far as the eye could see.”

29
Q

Frequency Clauses:

A

Definition: Adverb clauses that provide information about how often an action takes place.
Example: “She exercises whenever she has free time.”

30
Q

Manner Clauses:

A

Definition: Adverb clauses that provide information about how an action is performed.
Example: “She sang as if she were on stage.”

31
Q

Reason Clause:

A

Definition: Adverb clauses that provide information about why an action takes place.
Example: “She stayed at home because she was feeling unwell.”

32
Q

Result Clause:

A

Definition: Adverb clauses that provide information about the result or consequence of an action.
Example: “He studied hard, so he passed the exam.”

33
Q

Purpose Clause:

A

Definition: Adverb clauses that provide information about the purpose or intention behind an action.
Example: “He took the umbrella so that he wouldn’t get wet.”

34
Q

Contrast Clause:

A

Definition: Adverb clauses that provide information about a contrast or difference between two actions.
Example: “She works hard, whereas he prefers to relax.”

35
Q

Condition:

A

Definition: Adverb clauses that provide information about a condition that must be met for an action to occur.
Example: “If it rains, we will stay indoors.”

36
Q

A Comma is Obligatory Before ‘While’ and ‘Whereas’:

A

Definition: A rule stating that a comma should be used before the coordinating conjunctions “while” and “whereas” when joining independent clauses.
Example: “She enjoys reading, while he prefers watching movies.”

37
Q

Adjective Clauses:

A

Definition: Clauses that function as adjectives, modifying nouns or pronouns.
Example: “The book that I borrowed from the library is excellent.”

38
Q

Possessive Adjective Clauses:

A

Definition: Adjective clauses that show possession or ownership.
Example: “The dog whose tail is wagging is mine.”

39
Q

Restrictive Clauses:

A

Definition: Adjective clauses that provide essential information about a noun and cannot be removed from the sentence without changing its meaning.
Example: “The car that is parked outside is mine.”

40
Q

Adjective Clauses of Time:

A

Definition: Adjective clauses that provide information about the time-related characteristics of a noun.
Example: “The day when I met her was memorable.”

41
Q

Adjective Clauses of Place:

A

Definition: Adjective clauses that provide information about the location-related characteristics of a noun.
Example: “The house where I grew up is still standing.”

42
Q

Participial Phrases:

A

Definition: Phrases that contain a participle (verb form) and function as adjectives in a sentence.
Example: “The boy standing near the tree is my brother.”

43
Q

Verb:

A

Definition: A word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being.
Example: “She sings beautifully.”

44
Q

Adverb:

A

Definition: A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb, providing additional information about time, place, manner, degree, etc.
Example: “He ran quickly.”

45
Q

Noun:

A

Definition: A word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea.
Example: “The cat is sleeping.”

46
Q

Adjective:

A

Definition: A word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun, providing more information about its qualities or attributes.
Example: “She has a beautiful smile.”

47
Q

Lack of Parallelism: Examples

A

Example: “She likes to dance, singing, and hiking.”
Solution: “She likes to dance, sing, and hike.”
Example: “The concert was energetic, entertaining, and had great performers.”
Solution: “The concert was energetic, entertaining, and had great performers.”

Example: “He enjoys playing basketball, to swim, and going for a run.”
Solution: “He enjoys playing basketball, swimming, and going for a run.”

48
Q

Sentence Fragments:

A

Example: “Running in the park.”
Solution: “I enjoy running in the park.”
Example: “Because it was raining.”
Solution: “We stayed indoors because it was raining.”

Example: “At the beach.”
Solution: “We had a wonderful time at the beach.”

49
Q

Choppy Sentences:

A

Example: “I woke up. I got dressed. I ate breakfast.”
Solution: “I woke up, got dressed, and ate breakfast.”
Example: “She walked to the store. She bought groceries. She went back home.”
Solution: “She walked to the store, bought groceries, and went back home.”

Example: “He studied. He worked hard. He got good grades.”
Solution: “He studied hard and got good grades.”

50
Q

Run-on Sentences:

A

Example: “She went to the store I stayed home.”
Solution: “She went to the store, and I stayed home.”
Example: “I love to swim it helps me relax.”
Solution: “I love to swim; it helps me relax.”

Example: “The movie was exciting, I couldn’t take my eyes off the screen.”
Solution: “The movie was exciting. I couldn’t take my eyes off the screen.”

51
Q

Comma Splice Sentences:

A

Example: “She went to the store, I stayed home.”
Solution: “She went to the store, and I stayed home.”
Example: “He loves playing soccer, it’s his favorite sport.”
Solution: “He loves playing soccer; it’s his favorite sport.”

Example: “I enjoy reading books, they take me to different worlds.”
Solution: “I enjoy reading books; they take me to different worlds.”

52
Q

Stingy Sentence:

A

Example: “It rained.”
Solution: “It rained heavily for hours.”
Example: “She won.”
Solution: “She won the championship.”

Example: “He laughed.”
Solution: “He laughed uncontrollably at the joke.”

I hope these examples and solutions help you understand and identify these issues better. Let me know if you have any further questions!

53
Q

Noun clauses examples after verb

A

After a verb.
He knows
that the truth will come out.
He believes
That he will pass the exam.

54
Q

Noun clause after adjective

A

It is certain,
That he will arrive tomorrow.
He is worried
That he may not be ready on time.

55
Q

Adjectives

A

Add information to the noun.

The sea was blue and clear.

Blue and clear are the adjective as they add more information

56
Q

Adverb

A

As who, what ,where, how much