Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biosci 351: Molcular Genetics > Gardener > Flashcards

Gardener Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Physical maps refer to what?

A

They refer to the physical DNA molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genetic maps refer to what?

A

They refer to the frequency of recombination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some methods used to create physical maps?

A

Chromosomes, Restriction enzyme maps, BAC contigs, DNA sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the relation between genetic and physical maps?

A

Gentic maps are accurate linear estimates of the physical map (orders of markers is the same) but the distance is not 1:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are genetic maps constructed from squences?

A

SNPs are compared between individuals of a species. Linkage disequilibrium between adjacent SNPs is measured (frequency of retention together without recombination)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are characteristics of a genetic model system?

A

Short life cycles, Easily studied in lab, Tractable sexual cycle. Ability to make mutations (selections, counterselections, screens, enrichments), Ability to perform controlled crosses (recombination, complementation), Ability to do gene transfer (selectable markers, vectors, DNA transformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is linkage disequilibrium?

A

It is the frequency with which adjacent SNPs are retained together in individuals in the population, without any recombination between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What aer SNPs useful for?

A

Creating linkage maps. The linkage disequilibrium map does require a PHYSICAL map.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What animals are good at modelling cancer in humans?

A

mice…. Drosophila, C. elegans, yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What animals are good at modelling sheep breeding?

A

human/cow… mice…. yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What organisms are good at modelling ryegrass?

A

rice…. Arabidopsis…. yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What organisms are good at modelling clover/kiwifruit?

A

Arabidopsis…. yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What organisms are good at modelling sweage bacterium?

A

Pseudomonas… E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is gained by comparing organism of interest to known models?

A

If the systems are the same = a lot of knowledge in the area to draw on

If the systems were different = a new phenomenon is discovered to research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many copies of the lambda repressor protein are in a lysogenic cell?

A

~40 copies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens when a lysogenic cell is infected by another lambda phage?

A

Infection does not occur, lysogenic cells are immune to super-infection. The repressor proteins bind incoming phage dna before it can do anything.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does a cloudy plaque represent?

A

Lysogenic cells are present. Wild type lambda.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does a clear plaque represent?

A

Mutant “vir” lambda, which is incapable of lysogeny.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the phage DNA do upon cell entry??

A

It circularises at the cos site (12bp ssDNA overlap). This is relinearised when it is being packaged to leave the cell.

20
Q

What role does attP have?

A

It is the point on the phage DNA where it joins with the bacterial DNA at attB

21
Q

What role does attB have?

A

It is the point on the bacterial DNA where it joins with the phage DNA at attP. It is located near the gal gene.

22
Q

What is required for integration in the bacterial genome? And what type of integration is it?

A

int gene expression. Site-specific recombination

23
Q

What is required for excision from the bacteria genome?

A

int and xis gene expression

24
Q

DNA damage turns on…

A

The lytic cycle.

25
Q

What conditions promote the lytic cycle?

A
  • DNA damage
  • Zygotic induction after mating to lambda recipient
  • Rich nutrients in environment
26
Q

How long does the lytic cycle take?

A

~45min to release 100copies

27
Q

How many genes do lysogenic cells express?

A
  1. c1 is only gene expressed
28
Q

What promotes the lysogenic cycle?

A

-A high multiplicity of infection promotes

29
Q

What do attB and attP sites have in common?

A

Common core 23bp sequence, with different surrounding sequences

30
Q

What effects the ratio of lysis vs lysogeny?

A

Mainly differences in host cells and phage strains

31
Q

Which genes need to be expressed to get into the lysogenic pathway?

A
  • Integrate into genome (int)

- Synthesise repressor (c1)

32
Q

What genes need to be expressed into the lytic pathway?

A
  • Genes for DNA replication
  • Genes for phage proteins
  • Packaging progeny
  • Lysis of host cell

Int not needed but if it were lysogenic, it needs int and xis to excise first.

33
Q

Promoter L

A

Early promotor
Produces N
Regulates cro, cI, N

34
Q

Promoter R

A

Produces cro and then cII when N allows.

35
Q

Promoter RE

A

Early promoter
Produces cI
Regulates cII

36
Q

Promoter RM

A

Overlaps with Pr
Produces cI
Regulates cI, cro

37
Q

Promoter int

A

Produces int

Regulates cII

38
Q

Promoter AQ

A

Promotes ??

39
Q

Cro

A

Regulates Pr , Prm, Pl

Allows Pr to function while blocking Prm => prevents cI production, leads to lytic cycle

40
Q

cI

A

Regulates Pr, Prm, Pl

Represses lytic cycle

41
Q

cII

A

Regulates Pre, Pint, Paq
Transcribed from Pr
Activates Pre and Pint
cI and int production => lysogeny

42
Q

cIII

A

Stabilises cII

43
Q

xis

A

Necessary for excision (along with int) from lysogenic cycle

44
Q

Q

A

Anti-terminator that allows late gene production (lytic proteins)

45
Q

N

A

Anti-terminator. Allows passage of transcription past 3 terminators

  • Pl can reach cIII, int
  • Pr can reach cII, O, P
  • Pr can reach Q

Biosci 351: Molcular Genetics (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions