Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

P10 > Garden City and 15 Min City > Flashcards

Garden City and 15 Min City Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary purpose of a garden city?

A

To combine the benefits of both urban and rural living.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who is credited with the concept of the garden city? paper?

A

Ebenezer Howard, 1902

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Garden City design key principles

A

Collective land ownership - community gains from windfall land value increases (solves market failure)

Self-sufficient (circular economy)
- Jobs = residents
- local food production

Integration of GC and city, connected by rail and canal. Go to city for specific procedures that benefit from agglomeration economies (Specialist hospital, Finance jobs)

250k people: central city - 58k
6 garden cities 32k each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fill in the blank: The first garden city was established in _____ in ….

A

Letchworth. 1903

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What key element connects the garden city to its surrounding rural areas?

A

Green belts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False: The garden city model promotes automobile dependency.

A

False.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a significant critique of the garden city concept?

A

It may lead to urban sprawl.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fill in the blank: Garden cities aim to create a balance between ____ and ____.

A

nature; urban living.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Short Answer: Name one garden city that was developed in the early 20th century.

A

Welwyn Garden City.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of local governance in garden cities?

A

To manage land use and community services effectively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Multiple Choice: Which urban planning theory is closely associated with the garden city model? A) Modernism B) New Urbanism C) Postmodernism D) Brutalism

A

B) New Urbanism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False: Garden cities are typically located far from metropolitan areas.

A

False.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is one of the main social objectives of garden cities?

A

To improve the quality of life for residents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fill in the blank: Garden cities emphasize the importance of _____ in urban planning.

A

community.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Short Answer: What design feature is essential in garden cities to foster community interaction?

A

Public parks and green spaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the primary transportation mode encouraged in garden cities?

A

Walking and cycling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a common outcome of implementing garden city principles?

A

Sustainable urban development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fill in the blank: The success of a garden city relies on the integration of ____ and ____.

A

housing; employment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Short Answer: How do garden cities address environmental concerns?

A

By incorporating green spaces and promoting biodiversity.

20
Q

What does the garden city model suggest about industrial areas?

A

They should be located on the periphery to minimize pollution impact.

21
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key benefit of garden cities? A) Increased traffic congestion B) Enhanced community well-being C) Higher living costs D) Urban decay

A

B) Enhanced community well-being.

22
Q

What is the Radburn layout?

A

A design for residential neighborhoods that separates pedestrian and vehicular traffic.

23
Q

True or False: The Radburn layout promotes the use of cul-de-sacs.

24
Q

Fill in the blank: The Radburn layout was developed in the early _____ century.

25
What is one primary goal of the Radburn layout?
To enhance safety and accessibility for pedestrians.
26
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Radburn layout? A) Grid streets B) Separate pedestrian pathways C) High-rise buildings D) Large parking lots
B) Separate pedestrian pathways
27
How does the Radburn layout influence modern garden city principles?
It emphasizes green spaces and community-oriented designs.
28
True or False: The Radburn layout was inspired by the concepts of the Garden City movement.
True
29
What is a significant impact of the Radburn layout on urban planning?
It encourages mixed-use development and community interaction.
30
Fill in the blank: The Radburn layout was first implemented in _____, New Jersey.
Radburn
31
What urban planning challenge does the Radburn layout address?
Traffic congestion and pedestrian safety.
32
Why was it needed in 1900
A linear relationship between overcrowding in cities and high infant mortality rates due to illness/disease. (Gezley and Newey, 2009)
33
Most relevant reforms for today
Density zoning and site planning - separate industrial, residential and public space + greenbelt to prevent sprawl
34
Economic Function
Privately funded - profit from rents to pay off borrowing originally Buy cheap land, workers move out, jobs and industry created, people build homes Citizens become shareholders
35
Modern relevance of GC planning
In undeveloped places could work (built in the desert) - solves windfall land profit problem - self-sustaining - low travel costs beneficial to economy, welfare and environment
36
Modern relevance of GC ideology
GC has adapted, translated, adjusted (ward, 1992) Today the sustainable principles are super relevant even if it cannot be implemented - Social/Green space in planning - Environmental benefits of a pedestrian urban space - 15 Minute City built on it (a local economy)
37
Rayburn Layout
Motor Age Garden City
38
Radburn Layout issue
Radburn housed only a few thousand, can it really be scaled In built up areas would require a huge fixed cost to transition city centre to pedestrian only Again, its ideology might be more relevant in developed world In undeveloped regions it is useful to think about how new cities should be built
39
Radburn Layout (modern example)
The Line, KSA - no cars, everything in 15 minutes
40
Modern examples of the pedestrian circular economy
Portland Complete Neighbourhood plan 2030 - 90% of residents will be able to walk or cycle to daily needs (Moreno, 2024) 'Backbone of new urban plan in Paris' under Mayor Hidalgo post-pandemic and caught the eye around the world. Extends to Melbourne, Ottawa and Shanghai 94% of Parisians live within 5 minutes of a bakery
41
What is the modern Problem (Vernet and Coste, 2017)
Vernet and Coste, 2017 Developed world suburbs harm the environment - Driving (multiple cars, no PT) - Scattered houses (energy supply inefficiency) - Huge travel times to daily needs
42
Big Failure of Garden City (Vernet and Coste, 2017)
Vernet and Coste, 2017 Low-density, economically unsustainable Tragedy of the Commons Private investors but public ownership?? Impossible to reconcile private investors with low-density or community ownership because they want max profits not max welfare. Also ToC would lead to lack of investment. Scheme on a large scale would have to be government funded
43
15 Min City
Stems from Garden city (Ward,1992 adapt, adjusted) Human-centric concept where daily life is accessible within 15 mins walk/cycle
44
15MC Benefits
Environment - Reduced pollution Economy - Local economy/small businesses strengthened - More stability with an economy less reliant on MNCs - lower transport costs Wellbeing - lower transport time - social community - less pollution
45
15MC Issues
Controlling/Lockdown - easy to say its a choice and does not force you to do anything - just reduces driving need - Segregation - richer people have different daily needs so would move to places where they can fulfil those needs - Local Congestion - smaller shops, rush hour queues All quite easily rebuttable
46
Radburn Layout explained
Pedestrian only inside - communal space and services Exterior roads that lead to cul de sacs housing streets and connect with industrial zones, jobs, shops Housing ring In between pedestrian zone and roads

P10 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions