Garafalo Review Flashcards

1
Q

Ionic composition - ecf / icf

A

Sodium- e- 135-147mEq/L
i - 10-15

Potassium - e - 3.5-5.0
i - 120-150

Chloride - e - 95-105
i - 20-30

Bicarbonate - e - 22-28
i - 12-16

Calcium - e- 2.1-2.8
i - 0.0000007

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2
Q

Component makeup of a cell membrane.

A
  1. Phospholipids (70%)
  2. Cholesterol (20%)
  3. Glycolipids (5%)
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3
Q

Six major functions of cell membrane

A
  1. Transport
  2. Enzymatic Regulation
  3. Signal transduction
  4. Cell-Cell recognition
  5. Intercellular joining
  6. Attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix.
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4
Q

Cytoskeleton components

A

(Provides cell structure)

  1. Microtubules
  2. Microfilaments
  3. Intermediate filaments
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5
Q

Substances permeable to the cell membrane

A
  1. Gases ( O2 and CO2)
  2. Non-polar hydrophobic molecules (benzene)
  3. Small polar molecules (water, ethanol)
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6
Q

Substances not permeable to the cell membrane

A
  1. Large polar molecules (Glucose)
  2. Amino acids
  3. Charged molecules ( H+, Cl-, Na+, Ca2+)
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7
Q

Most abundant body lipid

A

Phospholipid

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8
Q

Cytosol functions

A
  1. Enzymatic regulation
  2. “intermediary” metabolism
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9
Q

Protein’s critical role in membrane function

A
  1. Structural support
  2. Recognition
  3. Communication
  4. Transport
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10
Q

Membrane permeability factors

A
  1. Lipid solubility
  2. Size
  3. Charge
  4. Presence of channels and transporters
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11
Q

Membrane fluidity factors

A
  1. Membranes molecules held in place by relatively weak hydrophobic interactions.
  2. Most lipids and some proteins drift laterally.
  3. Influenced by temperature.
  4. Membranes rich in unsaturated (compared to saturated fatty acids) fatty acids are more fluid because of the the double bond kink in its structure that doesn’t allow tight packing.
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12
Q

Cell identity markers on membranes

A

carbohydrate groups join with lipids to form glycolipids and with proteins to form glycoproteins.

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13
Q

Resting membrane potential factors

A
  1. Presence of fixed non-diffusible anions inside the cell.
  2. Preferential permeability of the PM
  3. The sodium-potassium pump
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14
Q

Neuron location where ligand-gated channels are prevalent

A

Dendrites and Soma

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15
Q

Increase in Ach effect on the membrane potential

A

opens more depolarization

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16
Q

What type of feedback loop is an Action Potential cycle?

A

Positive

17
Q

How does interventricular repolarization problems manifest in an Action potential?

A

It creates a wider action potential.