Gandhi Flashcards
Period of moderate struggle in South Africa?
1894-1906
Sending petitions and memorials to the authorities
To unite different sections of Indians what did Gandhi do in S.A.
- Natal Indian Congress
- Indian Opinion
Period of Satyagraha or passive resistance and against what?
1906-1914
1. Against Registration Certificates.
2. Campaign against restrictions on Indian Migration
3. Campaign against poll tax and Indian marriages
4. Protest against Transcaal Immigration Act
Phoenix farm and Tolstoy farm, years
Phoenix 1904 Natal
Tolstoy 1910
Gandhi’s experience in S.A.
- Masses had immense capacity and sacrificed for a cause that moved them.
- Unite Indians men women, different religions alike
- At times leaders have to take unpopular decisions
- Could evolve own style of politics and new techniques of struggle.
Untrammelled by the opposition of contending political currents.
What are the techniques of Gandhi’s Satyagraha?
- Satyagrahi never submits to wrong, remains truthful, non violent and fearless.
- Works on the principles of non cooperation and boycott
- Methods include non payment of taxes, declining honours and positions of authority
- Ready to accept suffering. It’s a part of his love for truth
- Hate the sin not the sinner. Hatred alien to his nature.
- Never bow before the evil, whatever the consequence.
- Only the brave and strong could practice Satyagraha.
Date of arrival
January 9, 1915
First civil obedience by Gandhi?
Champaran 1917
First hunger strike?
1918 March Ahmedabad Mill Strike
Plague bonus discontinuation by the mill owners
The first non cooperation
Kheda Satyagraha
1918
Gandhi was a spiritual head of the struggle.
Rela head - Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Narahari Parikh
Mohanlal Pandya
Ravi Shankar Vyas
What are the gains from Champaran, Ahmedabad and Kheda?
- He demonstrated the efficacy of his techniques of Satyagraha
- Found his feet among the masses, understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the masses.
- Acquired respect and commitment of many, especially the youth.
6 months before the implementation of Montford (Montague- Chemsford) reforms, out of two bills introduced, one got passed. Which one was that?
Extension of Defence of India Regulations Act, 1915 till March 1919
Officially known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, or rather Rawlatt Act.
First mass strike?
Mass protest against the Rawlatt Act. Gandhi did support the British in the war front and Montford reforms were tantamount to betrayal.
Way of protest?
Satyagraha Sabha roped in younger members of Home Rule leagues and Pan Islamists.
National wide hartal accompanied by fasting and prayer. Civil disobedience against specific laws and courting arrests and imprisonment.
But things went out of hand due to pre-demonstrations. Jallianwala Bagh incident, withdrew the movement on 18th April 1919
When was the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
April 13, 1919
