GAMSAT Section II - Human Rights, War, Freedom Flashcards
Free will
self determination balanced by moral responsibility
Politically liberty vs. freedom
Freedom is only constrained by capacity
Liberty is constrained by both capacity and the rights of other
John Stuart Mill
Recognize the difference between freedom of liberty to act and freedom as the absence of coercion
Isiah Berlin
Negative liberty - a negative condition in which an individual is protected from tyranny and arbitrary exercise of authority.
Positive liberty – elf mastery, freedom from inner compulsions such as weakness and fear
Benjamin Franklin
“only a virtuous people are capable of freedom. As nations become corrupt and vicious, they have more need of masters.” Have to have virtuous society as prerequisite for liberty”
China
In 2018, government collect, on a mass scale, biometrics including DNA and voice samples
Social credit system
Big data policing programs aimed at preventing dissent
In 2013, Liu Xiaobao, Nobel Peace Prize laureate to end one-party rule in China, was arrested. Died in detention
Joost Meerloo
War is often…a mass discharge of accumulated internal rage (where)…the inner fears of mankind are discharged in mass destruction
John Bolwby and EFM Durban
the nation-state preserves order in the local society while creating an outlet for aggression through warfare
Marx
War is quasi-economic in that it states all modern wars are caused by competition for resources and markets between great (imperialist) powers, claiming these wars are a natural result of thefree marketandclass system.
Right to war
Six main criteria to justify going to war:
Declared by a lawful authority
Just and right cause. – sufficient merit large-scale violence
Belligerent must have rightful intentions – to advance good
Belligerent must have reasonable chances of success
Last resort
Ends being sought must be proportionate to measures
Right in war
Proportionality. - how much force is necessary and morally appropriate to the ends being sought and the injustice suffered.
Discrimination - who are the legitimate targets in a war, and specifically makes a separation between combatants, who it is permissible to kill, and non-combatants, who it is not
