Gametogeneza Flashcards

1
Q

cariotipul uman

A

46 cromozomi
44 autozomi
2 heterozomi (XX sau XY)

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2
Q

meioza

A

diviziune indirecta specifica
det fenomenul nuclear de reducere a formulei cromozomiale diploide la formula haploida

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3
Q

cum se restabileste diploidia

A

prin fertilizare
in zigot

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4
Q

etapele meiozei

A

div meiotica primara = reductionala
div meiotica secundara= egala

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5
Q

fazele dviziunii meiotice primare

A

profaza
metafaza
anafaza
telofaza

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6
Q

profaza

A

aprox 16 zile
5 stadii succesive

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7
Q

stadiile profazei

A

leptoten
zigoten
pahiten
diploten
diakineza(dictioten)

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8
Q

leptoten

A

sinteza crescuta de ADN
duplicare cromozomi in 2 cromatide
orientare polara a cromozomilor=centrotaxie

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8
Q

leptoten

A

sinteza crescuta de ADN
duplicare cromozomi in 2 cromatide
orientare polara a cromozomilor=centrotaxie

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8
Q

leptoten

A

sinteza crescuta de ADN
duplicare cromozomi in 2 cromatide
orientare polara a cromozomilor=centrotaxie

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9
Q

polii centrotaxiei

A

un pol spre periferia nucleului
celalalt pol liber in citoplasma
=substadiu de buchet

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10
Q

zigoten

A

cromozomii omologi se alatura
parteneri de conjugare pentru omologul sau

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11
Q

pahiten

A

inceputul fuzionarii partenerilor de conjugare= substadiu de amfiten
dispare centrotaxia
cromozomii omologi se unesc, devin bivalenti cu garnitura cromozomiala tetraploida

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12
Q

garnitura cromozomiala tetraploida

A

4 cromatide cu 92 cromozomi suficienti pt formarea a 4 gameti haploizi

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13
Q

in toata aceasta perioada(pahiten)

A

crom sexuali raman separati si indiferenti
se injumatatesc numeric doar autozomii!!

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14
Q

diploten

A

spatiu de clivaj reductional (intre partenerii de conjugare)
cromozomii se separa
fenomen de crossing over

15
Q

diakineza(dictioten)

A

seprarea cromozomilor omologi dupa spatiul de clivaj reductional
completa inaintea formarii fusului de diviziune

16
Q

metafaza

A

mb nucleu- disparuta
crom- dubla placa ecuatoriala a fusului

17
Q

anafaza

A

spre fiecare pol se deplaseaza un nr haploid de cromozomi

18
Q

telofaza

A

din fiecare gametocit prmar diploid rezulta 2 haploizi

19
Q

in spermatogeneza rezulta

A

2 spermatociti secundari

20
Q

in ovogeneza rezulta

A

un ovocit secundar si primul globul polar

21
Q

diviziunea meiotica secundara

A

asemanator unei mitoze obisnuite
mentinand formula haploida

22
Q

in ciclul spermatogenetic

A

meioza secundara are loc imediat dupa prima diviziune meiotica

23
Q

in ciclul ovogenetic

A

meioza secundara devine completa NUMAI in cazul fertilizariiovulului ovulat