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H Embryology > Gametogenesis > Flashcards

Gametogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Gametogenesia is divided into

A

1) Spermatogenesis
2) Oogenesis

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2
Q

The testis is covered with

A

a thick fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea

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3
Q

The lumen of each seminiferous tubule is full of ? its wall is lined by ?

A

full of sperms while its wall is lined by severel types of cells

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4
Q

The cells on the wall of the seminiferous tubules from peripheral to central order are

A

spermatogonia
primary spermatocytes
secondary spermatocytes
and spermatids

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5
Q

The cells in the wall of the seminiferous tubule are all separated into groups by the

A

long pyramidal Sertoli cells which serve for support and nutrition

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6
Q

The interstitial tissue between the tubules contains

A

the Leydig cells which secrete testosterone

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7
Q

Type A Spermatogonia developing to be Type B (Daughter) Spermatogonia process is called

A

Proliferation (↑ in cell number)
Mitosis

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8
Q

Type B (Daughter) Spermatogonia developing to be Primary Spermatocyte in a proccess called

A

Growth
Mitosis

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9
Q

Primary Spermatocyte developing to be Secondary Spermatocyte in a proccess called

A

Maturation
meosis 1

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10
Q

Secondary Spermatocyte developing to be Spermatids go through a process called

A

Maturation
Meiosis 2

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11
Q

Spermatids developing to be sperms go through a process called

A

Transformation (Spermiogenesis)

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12
Q

First cell to have haploid No. of chromosome

A

Secondary Spermatocyte

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13
Q

The stage where the spermatid transformation occur is

A

Transformation (Spermiogenesis)

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14
Q

All the process of sperm formation is called

A

Spermatogenesis

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15
Q

During meosis I what occurs

A

Crossover & interchange of chromatid segments

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16
Q

Crossover & interchange of chromatid segments in meosis 1 allows what

A

allows genetic variability in the resulting sperm

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17
Q

In Spermiogenesis the nucleus forms

A

the head of the sperm

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18
Q

In Spermiogenesis the Golgi apparatus forms

A

head cap (acrosome)

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19
Q

In Spermiogenesis the centriole forms

A

elongates to form neck, middle piece and tail

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20
Q

In Spermiogenesis the Mitochondria forms

A

spiral (helical) sheath around the middle piece and excess cytoplasm is shedded

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21
Q

Sperms number per ml is

A

Numerous 100 million per ml

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22
Q

Sperm size

A

Minute (60 micron)

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23
Q

Can sperm penetrate?

A

Yes

24
Q

Is sperm haploid or diploid

A

Haploid No.

25
Q

Sperm (energy wise)

A

Has source of energy

26
Q

Is sperm motile? If yes how manu mm can it move per min?what is the major part for motility?

A

It is Motile
3 mm/min
End piece

27
Q

What provides energy to the sperm?

A

middle piece

28
Q

The chromosome site in the sperm is

A

The nucleus

29
Q

After ejaculation the sperm can live up to

A

72 hours inside the female body and if fertilization doesn’t occur the sperm dies

30
Q

If there is no ejaculation

A

the stored sperms inside the ampulla of vas die

31
Q

At least how many percent of sperms are motile

A

70% are motile

32
Q

Source of the semen is

A

Sperms: from the testis
Secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate and
bulbo-urethral glands

33
Q

Volume of the semen

A

3-5 ml per ejaculation

34
Q

If the count of the sperm is decreased

A

oligospermia

35
Q

If sperms are absent

A

azospermia

36
Q

If the sperms are ejaculated dead

A

necrospermia

37
Q

Low semen volume is

A

less than 1.5 ml
hypospermia

38
Q

Poor sperm motility

A

asthenozoospermia

39
Q

Abnormal forms should not exceed

A

10%.

40
Q

Define Gametogenesis

A

the production of mature gametes (sperms and ova) by the mature gonads (testis or ovary).

41
Q

Define spermatogenesis

A

formation of sperms with haploid number of chromosomes

42
Q

Site of spermatogenesis

A

Seminiferous tubules of the testis

43
Q

Duration of spermatogenesis

A

From puberty till death

44
Q

Proliferation

A

increase in the number of cells

45
Q

First maturation division

A

The primary spermatocyte divides by meiosis I into two secondary spermatocytes

46
Q

Second maturation division

A

The secondary spermatocyte divides by meiosis II into two spermatids (haploid too)

47
Q

Most of its the spermatid cytoplasm becomes

A

shedded

48
Q

The sperms undergo maturation in the epididymis for

A

2 months

49
Q

After 2 months maturation in the epididymis the sperm are

A

they are stored in the ampulla of vas deferens. If not ejaculated, they die

50
Q

The Head of the sperms contains

A

Nucleus
Acrosomal cap

51
Q

The Nucleus contains

A

haploid number of chromosomes which carry the genetic characters

52
Q

Acrosomal cap secretes

A

enzymes which facilitate penetration of the ovum

53
Q

The Acrosomal cap

A

is covered by a glycoprotein coat which prevent premature liberation of the enzymes

54
Q

Neck contains

A

2 centrioles (proximal & distal) from which arises an axial filament

55
Q

Body or middle piece contains

A

a helical mitochondrial sheath (10-14 turns) around the axial filament. The mitochondria produce energy for motility.

56
Q

Tail contains the

A

axial filament responsible for motility. Its terminal 5-10 microns (the end piece) are naked

57
Q

sperms Abnormal forms should not exceed

A

10%

H Embryology (1 decks)

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