Gambia - youthfull Population Flashcards
What’s causing Ugandas population to be so youthful?
High birth and fertility rates:
Birthdate = 48/1000
Fertility rate = 7children (between ages 15 - 44)
Low life expectancy:
Around 52 years of age
Taboo over contraception - is a Muslim country (95%)
Population set to double every 28 years
Desire for large families (a sign of security)
What are the problems off youthful population?
PRESSURE ON HEALTH SERVICES;
6000women die each year in childbirth
HIV/AIDS transmission from unprotected sex and across placenta puts more strain on the health system.
UNEMPLOYMENT
Unemployment could get much worse.
In 2003 unemployment was at 3.2%. However 50% of the population were under 15 and so weren’t counted in these figures. when the youthful population ages to working age, there won’t be enough jobs for them all, so unemployment will rise further.
Homes overcrowded
Desertification of forests (people use woodland for fuel)
Shortage of facilities schools overcrowded (some schools run on a 2 shift system)
Teachers poorly paid
1/3 of 14 year olds work to support their family
HIGH DEPENDANCY RATIO
HIGH DEPENDANCY RATIO
How has Gambia responded to these problems?
CONTRACEPTION
An NGO called Futures is helping to address the problem by delivering very cheap contraception which is subsidised by the WHO (world health organisation) [doctor WHO goes to the FUTURE]
As a result of this population growth rate has dropped from 4.2% to 3%
The government have brought in free contraception however birth control clinics aren widespread, so many people don’t have easy access to birth control.
HEALTH
In order to decrease IM. Canada are providing free vaccination for children.
Improved maternity care, and mothers encouraged to space out births.
MANAGING RESOURCES
German government encouraging a forest management scheme. Educate people about how to look after forests.
EDUCATION
1980s programme called the ABC approach was used (Abstain from sex, Be faithful to one partner, use a Condom) . This strategy worked - HIV infection rates fell from 15% of all adults in 1991 to 5% in 2001.
Name some sustainable strategies to managing a youthful population?
ENCOURAGING CONTRACEPTION
Reduces birthrate and helps prevent over population from getting any worse.
This means the country can focus on the sustainable development of the current population.
REDUCING THE SPREAD OF DISEASE
Health awareness on the radio etc reduced the number of cases of a disease and so releases pressure from the health care system, which frees up money elsewhere
I.e. developing sustainable irrigation techniques for rural farming communities.
Name 3x NGOs that help in Gambia
Concern Universal
United Nations Population fund
Gambia help
And obviously “futures” {funded by WHO}
Name 2x governments that help Gambia an how do they help?
Canada - frew vaccinations for Children
German - forest management scheme, look after use the forests
What does CONCERN UNIVERSAL do to help Gambia?
Development in isolated communities to help them have a sustainable livelihood.
Developing the social and material capacity to avoid and respond disasters.
Reduce the spread of HIV
How does the “UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND” help Gambia?
Improves reproductive health
Promotes gender equality
Supports teenagers
Prevents spread of HIV
All women have access to contraception
Skilled care for the pregnant
All pregnancy complications receive skilled care to reduce mortality
Support sage motherhood initiatives by training midwives
How does “GambiaHELP” helpgambia?
Work with communities to identify and solve health problems
Improve primary education
Empowering rural communities
Support initiatives such as health, environment protection and sanitation construct wells which include a hand pump and an animal trough, provide funds for repairs. Separate water wells constructed for washing and cooking facilities.
Name the proportion of u15s and over 65s in Uganda in any given year?
In 2007:
50% of the population were under 15.
3% over 65.
Key facts
2007: 50% under 15, 3% over 65 Birth rate = 48/1000 Life expectancy = 50 Fertility rate = 7 Population currently = 30million Population in 2025 = 56 million 6000women die each year in child birth
In 2003 unemployment at 3.2%, however this was when 50% of population below 15, as they age, unemployment up
1/3 of 14 year olds have to work to support family.
Schools = 2 shift
Population double every 28 years
The use of contraception among married women is less than 25%
ABC - reduced HIV from 15% in 1990 to 5% in 2000
Futures reduced growth rate from 4.2% to 3%
German gov, Canadian gov,
UN population fund, Gambia help, concern universal
