GALLIPOLI ESSAY Flashcards
What does ANZAC stand for?
ANZAC stands for the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, a combined military force of Australian and New Zealand troops who fought for the Allied forces in World War I.
Who were the ANZACs and where did they serve?
The ANZACs were Australian and New Zealand troops who initially fought together under British commanders at Gallipoli. Later, they fought separately in campaigns across Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Belgium, and France.
When were the ANZACs formed?
The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps was established in late 1914. ANZAC forces first saw major action on April 25, 1915, during the landing at Gallipoli.
Why did people enlist to become ANZACs?
Reasons included duty to the British Empire, a desire for adventure, better pay due to unemployment, and social pressure from family and friends.
What were the occupations of the first ANZAC recruits?
Many early recruits were laborers, farmers, shop workers, and clerks, with a significant portion coming from industrial and rural backgrounds.
Why did the Allies launch the Gallipoli campaign?
To force the Ottoman Empire out of the war, open the Dardanelles Strait for Allied naval passage, capture Constantinople, and relieve pressure on Russia.
What were the key battles of the Gallipoli campaign?
Lone Pine (August 6, 1915): A diversionary attack by Australian forces; resulted in 2,300 Australian and 6,000 Turkish casualties.
The Nek (August 7, 1915): A failed charge by the Australian Light Horse Brigade; of 600 troops, 234 were killed and 138 wounded.
When did the Gallipoli campaign take place?
April 25, 1915 – Allied landing.
May 19, 1915 – Turkish attack on Anzac Cove.
August 6-9, 1915 – Attempt to expand Allied presence.
December 19-20, 1915 – Evacuation of Allied troops.
January 9, 1916 – Official end of the campaign.
What were the total casualties of Gallipoli?
27,000 French, 115,000 British and Dominion troops, and 26,111 Australian casualties, including 8,141 deaths.
What were living conditions like for soldiers at Gallipoli?
Soldiers faced extreme weather, overcrowded trenches, poor sanitation, limited food and water, body lice, and widespread disease.
What was medical treatment like at Gallipoli?
Medical services were overwhelmed, with wounded soldiers often waiting hours or days for treatment due to poor coordination.
What equipment did ANZAC soldiers carry?
A rifle, ammunition, bayonet, water bottle, entrenching tool, haversack, and a 30kg pack with rations, firewood, and clothing.
How did the ANZAC troops withdraw from Gallipoli?
Evacuated at night to avoid detection, used ‘drip rifles’ to create the illusion of occupied trenches, and completed withdrawal over two months with minimal casualties.
Why did the Allies withdraw from Gallipoli?
Harsh conditions, disease, food shortages, strengthening Ottoman forces, and failure to achieve strategic objectives.
Why was Gallipoli considered a failure?
The Allies failed to capture the Dardanelles Strait, suffered high casualties, and did not weaken Germany or significantly impact the war.
Why was Gallipoli considered significant despite its failure?
It shaped Australian national identity, reinforced the ANZAC spirit of resilience and bravery, and tied up Ottoman forces that might have been deployed elsewhere.
What is a balanced perspective on Gallipoli’s legacy?
Though it failed militarily, Gallipoli shaped Australian identity and fostered the ANZAC legend of bravery and mateship.
What is the ANZAC legend?
The ANZAC legend represents the courage, resilience, and mateship of Australian and New Zealand soldiers, commemorated on ANZAC Day (April 25).
How did Gallipoli contribute to the ANZAC legend?
Soldiers endured extreme hardship, displayed bravery, and their efforts were praised, fostering national pride and unity.
