Gallbladder Diseases

Question 1

cholelithiasis

Answer 1

gallstones

Question 2

etiology of cholelithiasis

Answer 2

impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bilirubin, and bile acids

Question 3

3 types of gallstones

Answer 3

–cholesterol
–pigmented
–mixed

Question 4

risk factors for gallstones

Answer 4

–obesity
–female
–middle aged (40s)
–use of oral contraception
–rapid weight loss
–indigenous American ethnicity
–genetic predisposition
–pancreatic or ileal disease
fair, fat, 40

Question 5

symptoms of cholithiasis

Answer 5

–usually asymptomatic
–epigastric and right quadrant pain (d/t stones getting stuck in cystic or common duct)
–intolerance to fatty foods (d/t increased intake)
–vague symptoms (heartburn, flatulence, epigastric discomfort, food intolerances–fats and cabbage)
–biliary colic
–jaundice (blocks bile duct)

Question 6

biliary colic

Answer 6

occurs 30 minutes to several hours after eating fatty meal

Question 7

type of pain with cholelithiasis

Answer 7

intermittent, RUQ, radiates to back, severe

Question 8

what does severity of pain depend on with gallstones?

Answer 8

–movement of stones
–obstruction

Question 9

reason for jaundice with gallstones

Answer 9

bile cannot flow into duodenum

Question 10

reason for dark amber urine that foams when shaken

Answer 10

soluble bilirubin in urine

Question 11

reason for clay colored stools with gallstones

Answer 11

bilirubin does not reach small intestine to be converted into urobilinogen

Question 12

reason for steatorrhea with gallstones

Answer 12

no bile salts in duodenum, preventing fat digestion

Question 13

reason for pruritis with gallstones

Answer 13

deposit of bile salts into skin tissues

Question 14

reason for intolerance to fatty foods with gallstones

Answer 14

no bile in small intestine to help with fat digestion

Question 15

reason for bleeding tendencies with gallstones

Answer 15

decreased absorption of vitamin K

Question 16

cause of cholecystitis

Answer 16

gallstone lodged in cystic duct

Question 17

what does cholecystitis lead to?

Answer 17

distended and inflamed gallbladder

Question 18

pain with cholecystitis

Answer 18

similar to biliary colic or cholelithiasis issues

Question 19

common symptoms with cholecystitis

Answer 19

–fever
–leukocytosis
–rebound tenderness
–guarding

Question 20

lab values with cholecystitis

Answer 20

increased bilirubin and alk phos

Question 21

causes of ischemia, necrosis, and perforation with cholecystitis

Answer 21

pressure against distended wall of the gallbladder leads to decreased blood flow

Question 22

toradol effect for gallbladder problems

Answer 22

pain control

Question 23

antiemetic effect for gallbladder problems

Answer 23

nausea and vomiting

Question 24

anticholinergic effect for gallbladder problems

Answer 24

decrease gallbladder secretion and stop smooth muscle spasms

Question 25

bile acids effect for gallbladder problems

Answer 25

dissolve stones