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Jay > Galaxies > Flashcards

Galaxies Flashcards

1
Q

What are galaxies?

A

very large collections of stars

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2
Q

How many galaxies does the universe contain

A

billions

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3
Q

How are galaxies distributed

A

Galaxies are NOT distributed in the universe

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4
Q

What galaxy is the Earth located in?

A

In the milky way galaxy

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5
Q

What holds stars and galaxies together?

A

Gravity

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6
Q

What is dark matter

A

matter that doesn’t emit any light in any wavelength

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7
Q

How much of the universe is dark matter?

A

90%

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8
Q

Do scientists know what gravity is made of?

A

NO… Freaky!

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9
Q

Name the types of galaxies

A

Spiral vs. barred spiral
Elliptical
Irregular

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10
Q

What are the nuclei and Arms of Galaxies

A

A
B
C

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11
Q

A- nuclei and arms of galaxies

A

large nucleus with arms tightly wound

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12
Q

B nuclei and arms of galaxies

A

medium nucleus with arms not wound as tight

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13
Q

C nuclei and arms of galaxies

A

small nucleus with arms loosely wound

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14
Q

What are normal spiral facts

A

Bright disk with prominent nucleus
some appear tightly wound
stars range in all ages

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15
Q

What type of galaxy do we live in?

A

Spiral Barred galaxy (SBc)

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16
Q

The diameter of the Milky way

A

100,000 light years

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17
Q

How many stars are in the milky way?

A

400 billion

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18
Q

How often does the sun orbit the galaxy?

A

once every 250 million years

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19
Q

What group of galaxies are we apart?

A

Local group

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20
Q

How many galaxies are in the local group

A

3 large galaxies

30 small galaxies

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21
Q

What is the largest galaxy in our group?

A

Andromeda M31

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22
Q

Elliptical Galaxies

A

E0 (spherical) - E7 (very elliptical)

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23
Q

Types of star in Elliptical galaxies

A

Giants
Neutrons
Main sequences
White dwarfs

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24
Q

How much gas and dust is in an elliptical galaxy?

A

Little remaining dust and gas

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25
Q

Age of elliptical stars

A

usually old

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26
Q

Age of irregular stars

A

stars are typically young

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27
Q

Types of stras in Irregular galaxies

A

Nebulas
Proto-stars
Main sequences
Red Dwarfs

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28
Q

How much gas and dust is in irregular galaxies

A

lots of gas and dust present

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29
Q

Explain the Big Bang Theory

A
  • 14 billion years ago
  • extremely hot and dense
  • cooled and atoms started to form and then the stars formed and the gravity pulled stars in galaxies
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30
Q

Is the universe expanding?

A

The universe is continuing to expand even today

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31
Q

Edwin Hubble

A

First to show that the universe is expanding.
1889-1953
- Hubble telescope in honor

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32
Q

How did Hubble show the expansion of the universe

A

Used the Doppler effect to show that galaxies are moving away from us

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33
Q

Magnitude

A

the brightness of an object/star

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34
Q

Apparent Magnitude

A

how bright an object appears to be (distance not accounted for)

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35
Q

Absolute Magnitude

A

Brightness an object would have if placed 10 parsecs away

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36
Q

What is 1 parsec

A

3.26 light years

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37
Q

1 light year

A

5,880,000,000,000 miles

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38
Q

What do all stars start out as?

A

Nebula

Protostar

39
Q

Nebula

A

cloud of gas and dust

40
Q

Nebula gravitational pull

A

causes it to be unstable which causes fragmentation to occur

41
Q

Protostar

A

Particles move closer together
temperature increases
fusion eventually starts and now considered a star

42
Q

Main Sequence Stars

A

when fusion and gravity are equal… now its a main sequence star

Fusion is with hydrogen gas

43
Q

What happens to a dying star?

A

Hydrogen runs out
Core collapses
Star explodes

44
Q

Red Giant

A

fusion of helium gas

45
Q

What is light made of

A

Electric component & Magnetic component

46
Q

How do EM waves differ

A

Wavelength
Frequency
Energy

47
Q

Wavelength

A

the distance from one crest or trough to the next crest or trough

48
Q

Frequency

A

The number of waves per second

49
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

hertz

50
Q

Energy

A

Hot objects create high energy and short waves and cool objects create low energy and long waves

51
Q

What will be the frequency if you have a long wavelength?

A

Short frequency

52
Q

What will be the energy if you you have an increased wavelength

A

increased energy

53
Q

What will be the temperature if you have an increased energy

A

increased temperature

54
Q

Radiation

A

all EM waves travel at the speed of light

travels through space

55
Q

Radio Waves

A 
AM= football length
FM= house length
56
Q

Microwaves

A

baseball length

used for TV and cell phones

57
Q

Infrared Waves

A

detects heat

58
Q

Visible Waves

A

used in lasers

Used in bar code scanners, TV monitors and fiber optics

59
Q

Why do we only see visible light?

A

our nervous system can only detect radiation in the visible range

60
Q

Ultraviolet waves

A

Sun burn
UV satellite
Sun

61
Q

X-Ray waves

A

doctors transfer these to photos
used in radiation therapy
as long as a water molecule

62
Q

Gamma Waves

A

shortest wavelength and most energetic of all

63
Q

Continuous Spectrum

A

A hot gas under high pressure

An unbroken band of colors whose light is visible in all wavelengths

64
Q

Dark line spectrum

A

cool gas between source and observer- absorbs energy

65
Q

Bright line spectrum

A

Hot gas under low pressure

A series of lines that are unevenly spaced and are of different colors and brightness

66
Q

What causes light

A

Electron transitions

67
Q

What are electron transitions

A

The movement of electrons from one energy level to another

68
Q

If an electron has a higher energy level where will its location be?

A

closer to the nucleus

69
Q

What happens when electrons are bumped away from the nucleus?

A

energy is absorbed

70
Q

What happens when electrons return toward the nucleus

A

Energy is given off as light

71
Q

Large movement

A

large energy and has a short wavelength

72
Q

Examples of large energy

A

X-ray and gamma ray

73
Q

Small movement

A

small energy and long wavelength

74
Q

Examples of small movement

A

radio and infrared

75
Q

Doppler Shift

A

All lines shift up in the effected spectrum

76
Q

What does a red doppler shift indicate?

A

it means that the galaxy is moving away from us

77
Q

What does a blue doppler shift indicate?

A

it means that the galaxy is moving towards us

78
Q

What happens to wavelength when approaching them

A

they are shorter when approaching

79
Q

What happens to wavelength when receding?

A

they are longer when receding

80
Q

What do Red Giant Stars used for fusion

A

Use helium for fusion energy

81
Q

Red Giant stars more information

A 
Outer layers are much cooler
helium eventually runs out
core collapses and heats up
can create a planetary nebula around it form its collapse 
carbon forms in core star
82
Q

What is the start of the life cycle of a star

A

Stellar nebula

83
Q

Life cycle of a star starting at average star

A

average star
Red giant
Planetary Nebula
white dwarf

84
Q

Life cycle of a star starting with massive star

A

Massive star
Red Supergiant
Supernova
Neutron star or Black Hole

85
Q

White Dwarf

A

Used up its total supply of energy (hydrogen and helium)
Collapsed from its own gravity
Giving off heat- no fusion
Half the size of earth

86
Q

Black Dwarf

A

a dead star that does not radiate heat
No energy generated
No star in our galaxy is this old

87
Q

What happens to a massive star?

A

it becomes a super giant

88
Q

Super Giant Example

A

Aldebaran in the constellation Taurus

Got this big because of its large Mass

89
Q

Super Giants

A

Fusion of Helium
Starts to run out of energy
Starts to collapse in on itself and creates a new gravity and then explodes!
1000 times brighter than the sun

90
Q

Supernovas

A

can outshine an entire galaxy
only lasts a few seconds in this stage
will collapse in on itself because of a lack of mass

91
Q

What happens when a supernova mass collapses

A

When this happens it is called a neutron star

92
Q

Neutron star

A

collapsed supernova
made of neutrons
rotates at high speeds, sometimes called a pulsar

93
Q

Black hole

A

collapse is violent

Gravitational pull is so strong that light can’t escape

Jay (3 decks)

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