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Gait Analysis > Gait Pathology > Flashcards

Gait Pathology Flashcards

0
Q

Decrease Joint Motion

A

Contracture (elastic, rigid)

Joint Stiffness ip

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1
Q

General Causes of Gait Abnormality

A
  1. Decrease joint motion
  2. Weakness
  3. Pain
  4. Impaired feedback
  5. Impaired motor control
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2
Q

Impaired feedback

A
  1. Proprioception (joint position sense)
  2. Vestibular (balance)
  3. Sensory (foot)
  4. Visual
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3
Q

Impaired Motor Control

A

Lack of selective muscle control

Mass flexor and extensor pattern

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4
Q

Spasticity

A

Response to stretch

Abnormal response to a quick or slow stretch

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5
Q

Penalties related to abnormal gait

A
  1. Decreased shock absorption
  2. Excessive COM motion
  3. Energy expenditure causing muscle overuse
  4. Decrease prep for swing during preswing
  5. Decrease prep for stance terminal swing
  6. Decrease limb advancement (swing)
  7. Decrease forward progression (stance)
  8. Decrease stability
  9. Decrease stride length
  10. Decrease foot clearance
  11. Increase soft tissue stress/strain ‘
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6
Q

Sagittal view of ankle/foot causes of excessive PF

From terminal swing to initial contact

A 
Weak dorsi flexors 
Calf tightness or contracture 
Excessive calf activity 
Purposeful to help decrease heel rocker (muscle weakness, poor balance) 
heel pain
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7
Q

Sagittal view Initial Contact Excessive PF Penalties

A

Decrease stance phase progression (lack of heel rocker)

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8
Q

Sagittal view excessive PF in midstance to terminal stance Causes

A
  1. Calf tightness and/or contracture
  2. Excessive PF activity
  3. Shortened step length
  4. Excessive calf activation (compensating for weak hip/knee extensors, “pushes” body forward rather than the hip/knee extensors pulling body forward)
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9
Q

Sagittal view excessive PF in midstance to terminal stance Penalties

A
  1. Decrease forward progression due to lack of ankle rocker
  2. Requires compensatory strategies to augment forward progression (hyperextension knee, midfoot pronation, Early heel rise and elevated COM)
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10
Q

Compensation for Excessive PF Midstance to Terminal Stance

A
  1. Knee hyperextended
  2. Midfoot pronation
  3. Early heel rise and elevated center of mass
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11
Q

Sagittal view excessive PF Midswing to Terminal Swing Causes

A
  1. DF weakness
  2. Calf tightness and/or contracture
  3. Excessive Calf Activity
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12
Q

Sagittal view excessive PF in Midswing to Terminal Swing Penalties

A

Diminished foot clearance

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13
Q

Sagittal view excessive PF in Midswing to Terminal Swing Compensations

A

Excessive Knee and Hip Flexion

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14
Q

Sagittal View Excessive Ankle DF Initial Contact to Loading Response Causes

A
  1. Ankle foot orthosis

2. Prosthetic Foot (normally put in 5-8degree of DF)

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15
Q

Sagittal View Excessive Ankle DF Initial Contact to Loading Response Penalties

A
  1. Excessive heel rocker

2. Excessive knee flexion and quadricep activity

16
Q

Sagittal View Excessive Ankle DF Midstance, Terminal stance, Preswing Causes

A
  1. Calf weakness
17
Q

Sagittal View Excessive Ankle DF Midstance, Terminal stance, Preswing Penalties

A
  1. Quad overuse
  2. Excessive lowering of center of mass
    (Knee contracture, heel never comes off ground)
18
Q

Frontal View abnormal foot pronation

A
  1. In expected phase (loading, midstance)

2. In wrong phase (terminal stance)

19
Q

Frontal View excessive Foot Pronation loading to terminal stance Causes

A
  1. Limited DF (compensation of Midfoot break)
  2. Hypo mobile subtalar joint motion (compensation of Midfoot motion)
  3. Hypermobile Rearfoot and Midfoot
  4. Inverters weak
  5. Rearfoot/forefoot Varus
  6. Dynamic Knee Valgus
20
Q

Frontal View Limited Foot Pronation Causes

A
  1. Hypomobile Rearfoot
  2. Medial point of contact
  3. Dynamic “splitting”
  4. Cavus Foot
21
Q

Frontal View excessive Foot Pronation loading to terminal stance Penalties

A
  1. Excessive motion
    Stress on: inverters, and plantar fascia, intertarsal lig
    Hallux Valgus
    Increase tibia rotation and stress on knee
  2. Limited motion (poor shock absorption)

Gait Analysis (3 decks)

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