Gait Deviations

Question 1

Foot Slap Cause

Answer 1

insufficient plantarflexion resistance in prosthetic

Question 2

Hyperextension of Knee

Answer 2

Prosthetic cause: heel cushion too soft, heel or toe lever arm to long or too firm
Anatomical: Laxity of posterior capsule of knee

Question 3

Pistoning

Answer 3

Prosthetic cause: socket is too large, suspension is adequate

Question 4

Excessive External Rotation

Answer 4

Prosthetic cause: heel durometer of prosthetic foot is too long, improper socket fit

Question 5

Excessive Varus

Answer 5

Prosthetic cause: too much inset of foot

Anatomical cause: laxity in lateral collateral ligaments

Question 6

Vaulting

Answer 6

Prosthetic cause: too long, poor suspesion, excessive plantar flexion of foot, excessive knee friction

Question 7

Drop off

Answer 7

Occurs between single and double limb support, weight bearing period for prosthetic side is shorter with quick knee flexion at end
Prosthetic cause: heel height is too high for prosthetic foot

Question 8

Excessive Valgus

Answer 8

Prosthetic cause: lateral displacement of foot, inversion of foot

Question 9

Hip Hiking

Answer 9

Prosthesis cause: too long, insufficient knee resistance

Question 10

Medial whip

Answer 10

Prosthetic cause: external rotation of the knee, tight socket, misaligned toe break

Question 11

Lateral whip

Answer 11

Prosthetic cause: internal rotation of the knee, loose socket, misaligned toe break

Question 12

Abducted gait

Answer 12

Prosthetic cause: too long, medial wall too high, insufficient femoral stability
(induces medial whip)

Question 13

Circumducted gait

Answer 13

Prosthetic cause: too long, excessive knee friction, excessive knee stability

Question 14

Excessive heel rise

Answer 14

Prosthetic cause: inadequate extension aid, insufficient knee friction, improper knee selection

Question 15

Knee instability

Answer 15

Prosthetic cause: excessive dorsiflexion, knee aligned in unstable position, insufficient socket flexion, malalignment of foot posterior to TKA line?
(Strengthen hip extensors, stretch flexors)

Question 16

Short prosthetic step

Answer 16

Prosthetic cause: socket pain, weak extension aid, unstable knee, excessive dorsiflexion, poor suspension

Question 17

Long prosthetic step

Answer 17

Prosthetic cause: excessive plantar-fexion in foot, insufficient initial socket flexion, long toe lever arm

Question 18

Lateral shift

Answer 18

Prosthetic cause: foot too far inset, excessive socket abduction

Question 19

Lateral trunk bend

Answer 19

Prosthetic cause: foot too far outset, ineffective lateral socket containment, high medial wall, aligned in abduction
(strengthen abduction/adduction)

Question 20

Toe drag

Answer 20

Prosthetic cause: long prosthesis, excessive plantar-flexion, excessive knee resistance