Gait Assessment Flashcards
The basic unit of gait which includes all activity between initial contact of a limb (reference limb) and the subsequent initial contact of that same limb.
Stride
The distance traveled during one gait cycle or stride.
Stride Length
The distance traveled during one step (initial contact to end of pre swing on the same limb)
Step Length
- The distance between the center of the feet during the double limb support portion of the gait cycle when both feet are in contact with the ground.
- The distance is normally what values?
- Step Width
- 7-8cm
The number of steps taken in a given period of time (commonly expressed as steps per minute).
Cadence
The average cadence during normal human ambulation is __________.
80 to 110 steps per minute
The cadence corresponds to an average walking speed of ______.
60 to 80 m/min
The portion of gait cycle during which the reference limb is in contact within the ground.
Stance phase
During normal walking, this portion accounts ___% of the gait cycle. What is this and what percentage does it account?
Stance phase: 60%
Stance phase includes what?
Initial contact, loading response, midstance, terminal stance, preswing
This portion of the gait cycle during which the reference limb is NOT in contact with the ground.
Swing phase
During normal walking, this portion accounts for approximately __% of the gait cycle. What is this and what percentage does it account for?
Swing Phase; 40%
Swing phase includes?
Initial swing, Midswing, Terminal Swing
The portion of the gait cycle during which only ONE limb is in contact within the ground.
Single limb support
During normal gait, this segment accounts for 40% of THE TOTAL GAIT CYCLE.
Single Limb Support
Single limb support includes what?
Midstance and terminal stance
The portion of the gait cycle during which TWO limbs are in contact with the ground.
Double Limb Support
During normal gait, this portion accounts for 20% of the gait cycle.
Double Limb Support
Double Limb Support includes three different components of the gait cycle. What are these?
Initial contact, loading response, and pre swing
The functional tasks of normal human gait are typically described as weight acceptance, single limb support, and limb advancement.
Functional Task of Normal Gait
This terminology is no longer the preferred terminology used in the description of the gait.
Traditional Gait Terminology
This is the preferred terminology to be used in the description of the gait.
Rancho Los Amigos Gait Terminology
Point in time when foot comes in contact with the ground.
Initial Contact
Initial contact to the time when the contralateral foot leaves the ground.
Loading response
From the time the contralateral foot leaves the ground to the time that the ipsilateral heel leaves the ground.
Midstance
From the time that the ipsilateral heel leaves the ground to the time of contralateral foot initial contact with the ground.
Terminal stance
From the time of contralateral foot initial contact with the ground to the time that the ipsilateral foot leaves the ground.
Preswing
The time from when the foot leaves the ground to ipsilateral foot alignment with the contralateral ankle.
Initial swing
The time from ankle and foot alignment to the swing leg tibia becoming vertical.
Midswing
The time from the tibia reaching a vertical position to initial contact of the swing foot with the ground.
Terminal Swing
This is a translatory progression of the body as a whole, produced by coordinated movements of the body segments.
Walking
2 periods of single leg support & 2 periods of double leg support
Walking
This is part of both feet are on the ground; disappear in running.
Double Leg Stance
This can be seen as only one leg is on the ground which accounts 40% of gait cycle.
Single-Leg Stance
This refers to between two consecutive initial contacts of the same foot.
Gait Cycle
Give me the spatial descriptors.
Stride Length
Step Length
Step Width
Foot Angle (Fick Angle)
Give me the Time and Temporal Descriptors
Cadence
Stride Length
Step Time
This is a weight bearing phase and accounts for 60-65% of the gait cycle.
Stance Phase
This is a non-weight bearing phase and accounts for 35-40% of the gait cycle.
Swing Phase
State the Traditional Stance and Swing Phase of the gait cycle.
- Heel Strike
- Foot Flat
- Mid-stance
- Heel off
- Toe Off
- Acceleration
- Mid-swing
- Deceleration
Stages of stance phase when weight loading or weight acceptance period is about 10%
Initial contact or Heel Strike
Stages of stance phase when single support or single leg stance is about 40%.
Loading Response( Foot Flat) and Midstance (Single-leg stance)
Stages of stance phase when weight unloading period is about 10%
Terminal Stance (heel off) and Pre-swing (toe off)
This occurs when the foot is lifted off the floor.
Initial Swing or Acceleration
Swing leg is adjacent to the weight bearing leg (midstance)
Midswing
Swinging leg slows down in preparation for the initial contact with the floor.
Terminal Swing (Deceleration)
- Distance of both feet
- Measurement between medial sides of feet.
- Normal: 5-10 cm (2-4 inches)
Base (Step Width)
State the Spatial Parameters
- Base (Step Width)
- Step Length
- Stride Length
- Fick Angle
- Functional Task of Walking
- Lateral Pelvic Shift (Pelvic List)
- Vertical Pelvic Shift
- Pelvic Rotation
- Center of Gravity
- Normal Cadence
State the Temporal Parameters
- Cadence
- Walking Speed
- Walking Velocity
- Acceleration
- Step Time
- Stride Time
- Distance between successive contact.
- Measurements of the opposite feet.
- Points on opposite feet.
- Normal: 72 cm (28 inches)
Step Length
- Distance between successive point of foot-to-floor contact of the same foot
- Measurement of the same foot from heel strike to heel strike.
- Normal: 144 cm (58 inches)
Stride Length
- Angle of toe out
- Angle of foot placement with respect to the line of progression
- Normal: 7 degrees; landmark: 2nd metatarsal
Fick Angle
- Weight acceptance
- Single Limb Support
- Limb Advancement
Functional Task of Walking
- The side-to-side movement of the pelvis during walking
- Normal: 2.5-5cm (1-2 inches)
Lateral Pelvic Shift (Pelvic List)
- This keeps the center of gravity from moving up and down more than 5 cm (2 inches) during the normal gait.
- The highest point occurs during?
- The lowest point occurs during?
- Vertical Pelvic Shift
- Midstance
- Double Limb Support
This is necessary to lessen the angle of the femur with the floor and it lengthens the femur.
Pelvic rotation
- What is the total degrees for pelvic rotation?
- How many degrees on the anterior side?
- How about the posterior side?
- 8 degrees
- 4 degrees; swing side
- 4 degrees; stance side
TRUE OR FALSE. Pelvic rotation can cause the thorax will rotate in opposite direction to maintain balance.
TRUE
Normally, how much center of gravity does a person have?
5 cm (2inches) anterior to S2
TRUE OR FALSE. Women usually have a 6-9 steps higher than men.
TRUE
Number of steps per minute is called?
Cadence
Cadence of a male
111 steps per minute
Cadence of a female
117 steps per minute
This refers to the rate of displacement with scalar quantity.
Walking speed
What is the normal walking speed of a person per hour?
3 miles/hr or 4.8km/hr
This refers to the rate of displacement with vector quantity.
Walking velocity
What is the normal walking velocity of a person per hour?
3 miles per hour with direction
- This refers to the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
- This is usually measured in what unit?
- Acceleration
- m/s^2
This refers to the amount of time that elapses between consecutive right and left foot contacts (heel strike). Also, both right and left step times should be measured. What is this?
Step time
This refers to the amount of time that elapses during one stride; that is, from one foot contact (heel strike is possible) until the next contact of the same foot (heel strike)
Stride Time
