Gait Analysis Flashcards
What is gait
A pattern of movement
What are determinants of gait
Adjustments made at joints to minimize S to I and M to L motion making us more efficient
How much of the gait cycle is stance and swing
Stance: 60%
Swing: 40%
What is the traditional gait cycle (8)
- Heel strike
- Foot flat
- Midstance
- Heel off
- Toe off
- Acceleration
- Midswing
- Deceleration
What are the components of the stance phase of the gait cycle (5)
- Heel strike
- Foot flat
- Midstance
- Heel off
- Toe off
What are the components of the swing phase of the gait cycle (3)
- Acceleration
- Midswing
- Deceleration
What is the stance phase defined as
Anytime there is contact with the ground
What is the Ranchos Los Amigoes (RLA) phases of the gait cycle (8)
- Initial contact
- Loading response
- Midstance
- Terminal stance
- Preswing
- Initial swing
- Midswing
- Terminal swing
What does a stride equal
1 complete gait cycle
What is a complete gait cycle
Heel strike on one foot to heel strike on the same foot
What does a step equal
Heel strike on one foot to heel strike on the contralateral foot
how long does it take an adult to complete one gait cycle
1.03 seconds
What is initial contact
Instant the heel contacts the ground
What is the loading response
From heel contact to flat foot
When does the loading response go until
Contralateral limb lifts off the ground
What does the contralateral limb lifting off the ground also end
Double support phase
What is the double support phase
Anytime both feet contact the ground
Which leg is beginning the stance phase and which leg is ending the stance phase during the loading response
Beginning: Ipsilateral leg
Ending: Contralateral leg
How much do the stance phases of both legs overlap
22%
What is the midstance phase
From foot flat until the body is supported over the weight bearing limb
When does the midstance phase begin
When the contralateral leg lifts off the ground
What is terminal stance
From midstance through heel off the weight bearing extremity
When does terminal stance end
Once the contralateral foot makes it’s initial contact with the ground
What is the preswing
From heel off to toe off of the weight bearing extremity
What is the initial swing
From toe off until maximum knee flexion of ipsilateral extremity
How is the thigh oriented in relation to the ground at the end of the initial swing phase
Perpendicular
What is the midswing
From maximum knee flexion until the tibia is in a vertical position
What is the terminal swing
From vertical tibia until just before initial contact of ipsilateral extremity
True or False:
Ground reaction force at heel strike changes everything up the chain
True
True of False:
Ground reaction force applies at the center of pressure and projects up toward the center of mass
True
What is the heel strike equivalent to
Initial contact
What is heel strike to foot flat equivalent to
Loading response
What is foot flat to midstance equivalent to
Midstance
What is midstance to heel off equivalent to
Terminal stance
What is toe off equivalent to
Preswing
What is toe off to acceleration equivalent to
Initial swing
What is acceleration to midswing equivalent to
Midswing
What is midswing to deceleration equivalent to
Terminal swing
What is happening to the contralateral leg during initial contact
Preswing
What is happening to the contralateral leg during loading response
Preswing
What is happening to the contralateral leg during midstance
Initial swing then midswing
What is happening to the contralateral leg during terminal stance
Terminal swing
What is happening to the contralateral leg during preswing
Initial contact/Loading response
What is happening to the contralateral leg during initial swing and midswing
Midstance
What is happening to the contralateral leg during terminal swing
Terminal stance
Where does the COM fall in the body
Anterior to S2
True or False:
Sagittal and frontal plane displacement do not occur during gait
False
How many cm of displacement is there S to I during gait
5cm
When is S to I displacement the greatest
During simultaneous midstance and midswing
When is S to I displacement the least
During double support
When is frontal plane displacement the greatest during gait
Just after midstance as body weight is shifted over the stance limb
How do you increase frontal plane displacement
Increase step size
What is more efficient wide gait or narrow gait
Narrow gait
What is one potential danger of a narrow gait
Smaller BOS
When does the COM reach its highest point
During midswing
What is a lateral pelvic tilt
Slight depression of the unsupported limb that minimizes rise of COM
What is Tredndelenburg gait pattern
Excessive hemipelvic depression
What determinant of gait occurs at the knee to minimize the rise in the COM
Slight knee flexion
How much knee flexion occurs to minimize the rise in the COM
About 5 degrees
What occurs at the knee, ankle, and foot to prevent an abrupt rise in the COM from initial contact to loading response
Knee flexion, talocrural dorsiflexion, and subtalar pronation
What occurs at the knee, ankle, and foot to slow the descent of the COM from midstance to terminal stance
Knee extension, talocrural plantarflexion, and subtalar supination
What is the sagittal plane motion of the hip
Anterior/Posterior tiliting
True or False:
The motion is named in relation to the stance limb
True
Which way is the pelvic rotation when you swing the leg forward
Anterior
How many degrees of pelvic rotation occur in the swing and stance side
4 degrees
How many total degrees of pelvic rotation occur
8 degrees
When you swing the LE from terminal swing to stance what motion occurs in the sagittal plane
Posterior tilt
While going from stance to initial swing what motion occurs in the sagittal plane
Anterior tilt
What does longer limb length do to the degree of COM alteration
Minimizes it
