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Kinesio 2 > Gait Analysis > Flashcards

Gait Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is gait

A

A pattern of movement

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2
Q

What are determinants of gait

A

Adjustments made at joints to minimize S to I and M to L motion making us more efficient

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3
Q

How much of the gait cycle is stance and swing

A

Stance: 60%
Swing: 40%

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4
Q

What is the traditional gait cycle (8)

A
  1. Heel strike
  2. Foot flat
  3. Midstance
  4. Heel off
  5. Toe off
  6. Acceleration
  7. Midswing
  8. Deceleration
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5
Q

What are the components of the stance phase of the gait cycle (5)

A
  1. Heel strike
  2. Foot flat
  3. Midstance
  4. Heel off
  5. Toe off
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6
Q

What are the components of the swing phase of the gait cycle (3)

A
  1. Acceleration
  2. Midswing
  3. Deceleration
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7
Q

What is the stance phase defined as

A

Anytime there is contact with the ground

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8
Q

What is the Ranchos Los Amigoes (RLA) phases of the gait cycle (8)

A
  1. Initial contact
  2. Loading response
  3. Midstance
  4. Terminal stance
  5. Preswing
  6. Initial swing
  7. Midswing
  8. Terminal swing
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9
Q

What does a stride equal

A

1 complete gait cycle

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10
Q

What is a complete gait cycle

A

Heel strike on one foot to heel strike on the same foot

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11
Q

What does a step equal

A

Heel strike on one foot to heel strike on the contralateral foot

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12
Q

how long does it take an adult to complete one gait cycle

A

1.03 seconds

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13
Q

What is initial contact

A

Instant the heel contacts the ground

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14
Q

What is the loading response

A

From heel contact to flat foot

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15
Q

When does the loading response go until

A

Contralateral limb lifts off the ground

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16
Q

What does the contralateral limb lifting off the ground also end

A

Double support phase

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17
Q

What is the double support phase

A

Anytime both feet contact the ground

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18
Q

Which leg is beginning the stance phase and which leg is ending the stance phase during the loading response

A

Beginning: Ipsilateral leg
Ending: Contralateral leg

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19
Q

How much do the stance phases of both legs overlap

A

22%

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20
Q

What is the midstance phase

A

From foot flat until the body is supported over the weight bearing limb

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21
Q

When does the midstance phase begin

A

When the contralateral leg lifts off the ground

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22
Q

What is terminal stance

A

From midstance through heel off the weight bearing extremity

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23
Q

When does terminal stance end

A

Once the contralateral foot makes it’s initial contact with the ground

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24
Q

What is the preswing

A

From heel off to toe off of the weight bearing extremity

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25
Q

What is the initial swing

A

From toe off until maximum knee flexion of ipsilateral extremity

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26
Q

How is the thigh oriented in relation to the ground at the end of the initial swing phase

A

Perpendicular

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27
Q

What is the midswing

A

From maximum knee flexion until the tibia is in a vertical position

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28
Q

What is the terminal swing

A

From vertical tibia until just before initial contact of ipsilateral extremity

29
Q

True or False:

Ground reaction force at heel strike changes everything up the chain

A

True

30
Q

True of False:

Ground reaction force applies at the center of pressure and projects up toward the center of mass

A

True

31
Q

What is the heel strike equivalent to

A

Initial contact

32
Q

What is heel strike to foot flat equivalent to

A

Loading response

33
Q

What is foot flat to midstance equivalent to

A

Midstance

34
Q

What is midstance to heel off equivalent to

A

Terminal stance

35
Q

What is toe off equivalent to

A

Preswing

36
Q

What is toe off to acceleration equivalent to

A

Initial swing

37
Q

What is acceleration to midswing equivalent to

A

Midswing

38
Q

What is midswing to deceleration equivalent to

A

Terminal swing

39
Q

What is happening to the contralateral leg during initial contact

A

Preswing

40
Q

What is happening to the contralateral leg during loading response

A

Preswing

41
Q

What is happening to the contralateral leg during midstance

A

Initial swing then midswing

42
Q

What is happening to the contralateral leg during terminal stance

A

Terminal swing

43
Q

What is happening to the contralateral leg during preswing

A

Initial contact/Loading response

44
Q

What is happening to the contralateral leg during initial swing and midswing

A

Midstance

45
Q

What is happening to the contralateral leg during terminal swing

A

Terminal stance

46
Q

Where does the COM fall in the body

A

Anterior to S2

47
Q

True or False:

Sagittal and frontal plane displacement do not occur during gait

A

False

48
Q

How many cm of displacement is there S to I during gait

A

5cm

49
Q

When is S to I displacement the greatest

A

During simultaneous midstance and midswing

50
Q

When is S to I displacement the least

A

During double support

51
Q

When is frontal plane displacement the greatest during gait

A

Just after midstance as body weight is shifted over the stance limb

52
Q

How do you increase frontal plane displacement

A

Increase step size

53
Q

What is more efficient wide gait or narrow gait

A

Narrow gait

54
Q

What is one potential danger of a narrow gait

A

Smaller BOS

55
Q

When does the COM reach its highest point

A

During midswing

56
Q

What is a lateral pelvic tilt

A

Slight depression of the unsupported limb that minimizes rise of COM

57
Q

What is Tredndelenburg gait pattern

A

Excessive hemipelvic depression

58
Q

What determinant of gait occurs at the knee to minimize the rise in the COM

A

Slight knee flexion

59
Q

How much knee flexion occurs to minimize the rise in the COM

A

About 5 degrees

60
Q

What occurs at the knee, ankle, and foot to prevent an abrupt rise in the COM from initial contact to loading response

A

Knee flexion, talocrural dorsiflexion, and subtalar pronation

61
Q

What occurs at the knee, ankle, and foot to slow the descent of the COM from midstance to terminal stance

A

Knee extension, talocrural plantarflexion, and subtalar supination

62
Q

What is the sagittal plane motion of the hip

A

Anterior/Posterior tiliting

63
Q

True or False:

The motion is named in relation to the stance limb

A

True

64
Q

Which way is the pelvic rotation when you swing the leg forward

A

Anterior

65
Q

How many degrees of pelvic rotation occur in the swing and stance side

A

4 degrees

66
Q

How many total degrees of pelvic rotation occur

A

8 degrees

67
Q

When you swing the LE from terminal swing to stance what motion occurs in the sagittal plane

A

Posterior tilt

68
Q

While going from stance to initial swing what motion occurs in the sagittal plane

A

Anterior tilt

69
Q

What does longer limb length do to the degree of COM alteration

A

Minimizes it

Kinesio 2 (5 decks)

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