Gait Flashcards
Where is the trunk throughout the gait cycle?
erect neutral
Where is the pelvis during Initial swing?
backward rotation 4-5deg
Where is the hip during Initial swing?
flexion (20deg)
neutral abd and add
Where is the knee during Initial swing?
flexion 60deg
Where is the ankle during Initial swing?
PF 10deg
Where are the toes during Initial swing?
neutral
Where is the pelvis during midswing swing?
neutral
Where is the hip during midswing swing?
flexion 20-30 deg
Where is the knee during midswing swing?
flexion 60 deg to 30deg felxion
Where is the ankle during midswing swing?
neutral
Where are the toes during midswing swing?
neutral
Where is the pelvis during terminal swing?
forward rotation 4-5deg
Where is the hip during terminal swing?
hip flex 30 deg
Where is the knee during terminal swing?
extension to 0deg
Where is the ankle during terminal swing?
neutral
Where are the toes during terminal swing?
neutral
Where is the pelvis during initial contact?
maintains forward rotation
Where is the hip during initial contact?
flex 30deg
Where is the knee during initial contact?
full ext
Where is the ankle during initial contact?
neutral heel first
Where are the toes during initial contact?
neutral
Where is the pelvis during loading response?
less forward rotation
Where is the hip during loading response?
hip flex 30deg
Where is the knee during loading response?
flexion 15deg
Where is the ankle during loading response?
PF 15deg
Where are the toes during loading response?
neutral
Where is the pelvis during midstance?
neutral
Where is the hip during midstance?
extending to neutral
Where is the knee during midstance?
extending to neutral
Where is the ankle during midstance?
from PF to 10 deg DF
Where are the toes during midstance?
neutral
Where is the pelvis during terminal stance?
backward rotation 4-5deg
Where is the hip during terminal stance?
ext 10 deg
Where is the knee during terminal stance?
full extension
Where is the ankle during terminal stance?
neutral w/ tibia stable and heel off prior to initial contact opposite foot
Where are the toes during terminal stance?
neutral IP
hyperextension of MP
Where is the pelvis during pre-swing?
backward rotation 4-5deg
Where is the hip during pre-swing?
neutral extension
Where is the knee during pre-swing?
flexion 35deg
Where is the ankle during pre-swing?
PF 20 deg
Where are the toes during pre-swing?
neutral IP
extended MP
ROM requirements for hip flexion
0-30deg
ROM requirements for hip extension
0-10 deg
ROM requirements for knee flexion
0-60deg
ROM requirements for knee extension
0 deg
ROM requirements for ankle PF
0-20 deg
ROM requirements for ankle DF
0-10
muscle activity during initial contact
concentric DF
concentric quads
Eccentric hamstrings
eccentric hip extensors and abductors
muscle activity during loading response
eccentric ankle DF –> eccentric PF
eccentric tip post controls pronation
eccentric quadriceps –> concentric quadriceps
concentric hip extensors
muscle activity during midstance
eccentric PF
min knee (slightly concentric knee ext)
eccentric hip abductors
eccentric iliopsoas
muscle activity during terminal stance
concentric PF
eccentric hip absuctors
eccentric iliopsoas
muscle activity during pre-swing
concentric PF
concentric hamstring
concentric hip flexion
muscle activity during initial swing
concentric DF
concentric hamstring
concentric hip flexion
muscle activity during midswing
concentric DF
min knee and hip (b/c momentum)
muscle activity during terminal swing
concentric DF concentric ankle inv concentric quad eccentric hamstrings eccentric hip ext
Antalgic gait
stand time is decreased to avoid WB
rapid and shorter swing phase on uninvolved leg
causes of antalgic gait
jt inflammation
disease
injuries
equine gait
high steps on toes
double step gait
alternate steps are of different length or rate
Causes of foot slap
weak DF
DF paralysis
Causes of toe down instead of heel strike
PF spasticity PF contracture weak DF DF paralysis leg length discrepancy hindfoot pain
Causes of clawing toes
toe flex spasticity
positive supporting reflex
Causes of heel lift during midstance
insufficient DF ROM
PF spasticity
Causes of no toe off
forefoot/ toe pain
weak PF
weak toe flex
insufficient PF ROM
Causes of exaggerate knee flex at contact
weak quads
quads paralysis
hamstring spasticity
insufficient extension ROM
Causes of hyperextension in stance
compensation for weak quads
PF contracture
Causes of exaggerated knee flex at terminal stance
knee flex contracture
hip flex contracture
Causes of insufficient flex w/ swing
knee effusion
quad ext spasticity
PF spasticity
insufficient flexion ROM
Causes of excessive flexion w/ swing
flex withdrawal reflex
LE flexor synergy
Causes of insufficient hip flex @ initial contact
weak hip flex
hip flex paralysis
hip ext spasticity
insufficient hip flex ROM
Causes of insufficient hip ext at stance
insufficient hip ext ROM
hip flexion contracture
LE flex synergy
Causes of circumduction during swing
comp for weak hip flex
comp for weak DF
comp for weak
hamstrings
Causes of hip hiking during swing
comp for weak DF
comp for weak knee flex
comp for ext synergy pattern
Causes of exaggerated hip flexion during swing
LE flexor synergy
Comp for insufficient ankle DF
