Gait Flashcards
What are the 5 components of stance phase?
Standard: Heel strike Foot flat Midstance Heel off Toe off Rancho: Initial contact Loading response Mid stance Terminal stance Pre swing
What are the 3 components of swing phase?
Standard: Acceleration Mid swing Deceleration Rancho: Initial swing Mid swing Terminal swing
Heel strike
Heel touches ground, beginning of stance phase
Foot flat
Entire foot makes contact with ground
Midstance
Entire body weight is over stance limb
Heel off
Heel of stance limb leaves the ground
Toe off
Toe of stance limb remains on the ground
Acceleration
Reference limb swings until positioned directly under the body
Mid swing
Swing limb is directly under the body
Deceleration
Swing limb begins to extend
Hip flexion for normal gait
0-30 deg
Hip extension for normal gait
0-10 deg
Knee flexion for normal gait
0-60 deg
Knee extension for normal gait
0 deg
Ankle dorsiflexion for normal gait
0-10 deg
Ankle plantar flexion for normal gait
0-20 deg
Tibialis anterior peak activity
After heel strike, eccentric lowering of foot into plantar flexion
Gastroc-soleus peak activity
During late stance phase, concentric raising of the heel during toe off
Quadriceps peak activity
Single support during early stance phase AND just before toe off to initiate swing phase
Hamstrings peak activity
During late swing phase, assists decelerating unsupported limb
What happens to base of support as cadence increases?
Distance decreases as cadence increases
What is the avg base of support for an adult?
2-4 in
What is avg cadence for an adult?
110-120 steps/min
What is avg degree of toe out for an adult?
7 deg
What is the purpose of pelvic rotation during gait?
Maintain balance and to regulate speed
What is the avg pelvic rotation during gait for an adult?
8 deg (4 deg forward with swing leg, 4 deg backwards with stance leg)
What is the avg step length for an adult?
28 in
What is the avg stride length for an adult?
56 in
Antalgic gait
Protective gait pattern to avoid weight bearing on involved side, usually secondary to pain
Ataxic gait
Staggering and unsteadiness, wide base of support and exaggerated movements
Equine gait
High steps usually from overactivity of gastrocnemius
Steppage gait
Feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive heights, usually due to dorsiflexor weakness and foot slaps at initial contact
Tabetic gait
High stepping ataxic gait pattern, feet slap ground
