Gait Flashcards
What is the Gait Cycle?
Heel strike to heel strike on the same leg
What is Stance Phase?
- From heel strike to toe off
- 60% of gait cycle
What is Swing Phase?
- From toe off to heel strike
- 40% of gait cycle
What is Double Support?
- When both feet are on the floor
- 20% of gait cycle
What is stride?
heel strike to heel strike (same as gait cycle)
What is step?
heel strike on one foot to heel strike on other foot
2 steps = stride
What is stride length?
- Linear distance of how far was traveled during one gait cycle.
- overall avg for adults is 4.6 ft (higher for men)
What is Cadence?
number of steps per unit of time. (Avg 113/min)
What is the order of the traditional phases of the gait cycle?
- Heel strike
- Foot flat
- Mid stance
- Heel off
- Toe off
- Acceleration
- Mid swing
- Deceleration
What controls the amount of pelvis tilt in the frontal plane?
On the stance leg- gluteus medius ECCENTRICALLY controls amount of inferior tilt on the swing side and lateral displacement (lateral weight shift) over the stance leg.
What muscle controls alignment of the lower extremity during midswing?
Adductors
What occurs at the pelvis and trunk when stepping forward with the right foot?
Right trunk rotation- because left shoulder coming forward
Anterior rotation of the right pelvis
How do muscle forces and the ground reaction force interact during gait?
Muscle forces must counteract and overcome this force.
At heel strike what is happening at the R ankle?
Position: neutral
Muscle: dorsiflexors
Contraction: Isometric
At heel strike what is happening at the R knee?
Position: full extension
Muscle: Quads
Contraction: Isometric
At heel strike what is happening at the R hip?
Position: 30 degrees of flexion
Muscle: glute max, HS, Adductor Magnus
Contraction: Isometric
At heel strike what is the R pelvis motion?
Anterior rotation 5 degrees
At foot flat what is happening at the R ankle?
Position: 15 degrees of plantar flexion
Muscle: dorsiflexors
Contraction: eccentric- b/c have to control momentum
At foot flat what is happening at the R knee?
Position: 15 degrees of flexion
Muscle: quads
Contraction: eccentric
At foot flat what is happening at the R hip?
Position: 30 degrees of flexion
Muscle: Glute Max, HS
Contraction: isometric
At foot flat what is happening at the R pelvis?
Anterior rotation
At mid stance what is happening at the R ankle?
Position: to 10-15 degrees of dorsiflexion
Muscle: plantarflexors
Contraction: eccentric- b/c controling momentum
At mid stance what is happening at the R knee?
Position: extending to neutral
Muscle: quads (ext to 0) then HS (prevent hyperextension)
Contraction: concentric
At mid stance what is happening at the R hip?
Position: extending to neutral
Muscle: quiet- because of momentum
Contraction: quiet- because of momentum
At mid stance what is happening at the R pelvis?
neutral
At heel off what is happening at the R ankle?
Position: Return to neutral
Muscle: plantarflexors
Contraction: eccentric to concentric
At heel off what is happening at the R knee?
Position: still extending to neutral (late heel off begin flexion)
Muscle: Iliopsoas (in late heel off) b/c we are in a closed chain
Contraction: concentric
At heel off what is happening at the R hip?
Position: apparent 10 degrees of hyperextension
Muscle: beginning flexors in late heel off
Contraction: concentric
At heel off what is happening at the R pelvis?
neutral
At toe off what is happening at the R ankle?
Position: 15-20 degrees of plantarflexion
Muscle: dorsiflexors
Contraction: concentric (we need to get out PF to clear our toes)
At toe off what is happening at the R knee?
Position: 35 degrees of flexion
Muscle: iliopsoas
Contraction: concentric
At toe off what is happening at the R hip?
Position: neutral
Muscle: flexors
Contraction: concentric
At toe off what is happening at the R pelvis?
posterior rotation
At acceleration what is happening at the R ankle?
Position: Return to neutral (remember coming from PF)
Muscle: dorsiflexors
Contraction: concentric
At acceleration what is happening at the R knee?
Position: 60 degrees of flexion
Muscle: HS
Contraction: concentric
At acceleration what is happening at the R hip?
Position: 20 degrees of flexion
Muscle: flexors
Contraction: concentric
At acceleration what is happening at the R pelvis?
Posterior rotation
At mid swing what is happening at the R ankle?
Position: Neutral
Muscle: dorsiflexors
Contraction: concentric
At mid swing what is happening at the R knee?
Position: 60 degrees of flexion
Muscle: HS
Contraction: concentric
At mid swing what is happening at the R hip?
Position: 20-30 degrees of flexion
Muscle: flexors
Contraction: concentric
At mid swing what is happening at the R pelvis?
Neutral
At deceleration what is happening at the R ankle?
Position: neutral
Muscle: dorsiflexors
Contraction: isometric
At deceleration what is happening at the R knee?
Position: Extending to 0
Muscle: Momentum extends, HS limit hyperextension
Contraction: eccentric
At deceleration what is happening at the R hip?
Position: 30 degrees of flexion
Muscle: gluteus maximus, HS, Adductor magnus Post
Contraction: eccentric
At deceleration what is happening at the R pelvis?
neutral
