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SF1.20 Gait (SEIDEN) > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Forces on hip, knee, and ankle at rest:

A
  • hip extension
  • knee extension
  • ankle dorsiflexion
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2
Q

Extension at the hip is resisted by:

A
  • hip flexors:
    • iliofemoral ligament
    • ischiofemoral ligament
    • iliopsoas (resists extreme extension)
    • rectus femoris (resists extreme extension)
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3
Q

Flexion at the hip is resisted by:

A
  • hip extensors: gluteus maximus, hamstrings
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4
Q

Extension at the knee is resisted by:

A
  • posterior joint capsule of the knee
  • oblique popliteal and arcuate popliteal ligaments
  • knee flexors: hamstrings
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5
Q

Flexion at the knee is resisted by:

A

quads

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6
Q

Dorsiflexion at the ankle is resisted by:

A

plantar flexors (gastrocnemius and soleus)

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7
Q

Plantar flexion at the ankle is resisted by:

A
  • ankle extensors: tibialis anterior, Ext. Dig. Longus
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8
Q

What muscle is active at the time of heel strike to prevent flexion of the pelvis at the hip?

A
  • gluteus maximus - hip extensor
  • upper torso wants to continue moving forward, causing hip flexion
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9
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve ventral rami levels:

A

L5, S1, S2

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10
Q

Gluteus maximus innervation:

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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11
Q

Gluteus maximus gait cause and clinical manifestation:

A

LEAN BACKWARD/POSTERIORLY

  • inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) injury
  • unable to counter hip flexion at time of heel strike
  • patient leans torso posteriorly to use gravity as hip extensor
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12
Q

What muscle is active at the time of midstance to prevent gravitational ADDuction of the pelvis at the hip?

A
  • hip ABductors: gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
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13
Q

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus innervation:

A
  • Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
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14
Q

Superior gluteal nerve ventral rami levels:

A

L4, L5, S1

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15
Q

Tredelenburg gait cause and clinical manifestation:

A

LEAN LATERALLY

  • superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) injury
  • unable to counter hip ADDuction due to gravity midstance
  • patient leans torso laterally to the supported side to use gravity as hip ABductor
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16
Q

What muscle is active throughout the stance phase to control gravitational flexion of the thigh at the knee?

A

quads

17
Q

Quadriceps gait:

A
  • femoral nerve (L2-L4) injury
  • knee fully extended and locked through stance phase
  • converts gravity from a knee flexor into a knee extensor and thus
  • avoids the need for contraction of this muscle
18
Q

What muscles are active during the swing phase to dorsiflex the foot and thus avoid having the toes hitting the ground?

A
  • anterior leg muscles
  • tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum
19
Q

“foot slap” immediately after heel strike is due to:

A

WEAKENED anterior leg muscles

20
Q

“steppage gait” cause and clinical manifestation:

A
  • PARALYZED anterior leg muscles
  • cannot dorsiflex during swing
  • enter stance phase with toe strike
  • To avoid having the toes hit the ground during the swing phase, increase flexion at the hip and knee to thereby bring the foot higher above the ground.
21
Q

Manifestation of superficial fibular nerve injury:

A
  • ankle everters paralyzed
  • foot hits ground inverted, lateral side hits first
  • “circumduction steppage gait”
22
Q

Paralyzed anterior leg muscle manifestation:

A
  • steppage gait
  • deep fibular nerve lesion
  • cannot dorsiflex at all
23
Q

Weakened anterior leg muscle manifestation:

A
  • foot slap
  • cannot dorsiflex at heel strike
  • deep fibular nerve lesion
24
Q

Manifestation of common fibular nerve injury/severing:

A
  • circumducted steppage gait
  • cannot evert (circumduct gait)
  • cannot dorsiflex (steppage gait)
25
Q

Manifestation of inferior gluteal nerve injury/severing:

A
  • gluteus maximus/lurch gait
  • cannot counter hip flexion at time of heel strike
26
Q

Manifestation of superior gluteal nerve injury/severing:

A
  • Trendelenberg gait
  • cannot counter gravitational ADDuction
  • lean torso to supported side
27
Q

Manifestation of femoral nerve injury/severing:

A
  • quadriceps gait
  • cannot counter knee flexion midstance
  • knee locked stance phase
    • uses ground reaction to push the foot and leg forward and thus extend/lock at the knee - steps over affected limb
28
Q

Forces on hip, knee, and ankle during anterior sway:

A
  • hip flexion
  • knee extension
  • ankle dorsiflexion
29
Q

Forces on hip, knee, and ankle during posterior sway:

A
  • hip extension
  • knee flexion
  • ankle plantar flexion
30
Q

The propulsive force during gait is provided by:

A
  • plantar flexors (e.g. gastrocnemius and soleus) which cause plantar flexion at the ankle during heel off and toe off

SF1.20 Gait (SEIDEN) (1 decks)

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