Gait

Question 1

Stance Phase

1

Answer 1

Initial Contact

Heel Strike

Double Support

Question 2

Stance Phase

2

Answer 2

Load Response

Foot Flat

Single support

Question 3

Stance Phase

3

Answer 3

Mid-stance

Single-leg stance

single support

Question 4

Stance Phase

4

Answer 4

Terminal Stance

Heel Off

Single Support

Question 5

Stance Phace

5

Answer 5

Pre-swing

Double Support

Question 6

Swing Phase

1

Answer 6

Toe-off

Question 7

How many points of the gait cycle have double leg stance?

And names of them:

Answer 7

2; Heel strike (initial contact) and Pre-Swing

Question 8

Reasons for Gait Deviation

3:

Answer 8

1. May occur because of pathology or injury in the specific joint
2. May occur as compensations for injury or pathology in other joints on the same side
3. May occur as compensations for injury or pathology on the opposite limb

Question 9

Abnormal Gaits

Antalgit Gait

Answer 9

• A self protective gait that is the result of injury to the pelvis, hip, knee, ankle or foot
• The stance phase on the affected leg is shorter than that on the non affected leg because the patient attempts to remove weight from the affected leg as quickly as possible
• The swing phase of the unaffected leg is decreased
• The result is a shorter step length on the uninvolved side, decreased walking velocity and decreased cadence/rate

Question 10

Abnormal Gaits

Ataxic Gait

Finals

Answer 10

• If a patient has poor sensation or lacks muscle coordination, there is a tendency toward poor balance and a broad base
• The resulting gait is irregular, jerky and weaving

Question 11

Abnormal Gait

Equinus Gait (Toe Walking

Answer 11

• A childhood gait that is seen with talipes equinovarus (club foot)
• Weight bearing is primarily on the dorsolateral or lateral edge of the foot, depending on degree of deformity
• The weight bearing phase on the affected limb is decreased and a limp is present

Question 12

Abnormal Gaits

Gluteus Maximus Gait

Answer 12

• If the gluteus maximus muscle is weak, the patient will thrust their thorax posteriorly at initial contact to maintain hip extension of the stance leg as it’s a primary hip extensor
• The resulting gait involves a characteristic backward lurch of the trunk

Question 13

Abnormal Gaits

Gluteus Meudius Gait /
Trendelenburg Gair

Finals

Answer 13

If the hip abductor muscles (gluteus medius and minimus) are weak, the stabilizing effect of these muscles during the stance phase is lost and the patient exhibits an excessive lateral list in which the thorax is thrust laterally to keep the centre of gravity over the stance leg

Question 14

Abnormal Gaits

Hemiplegic Gait

Answer 14

• The patient swings the paraplegic leg outward and ahead in a circle or pushes it ahead
• The affected upper limb is carried across the trunk for balance
• Sometimes referred to as a neurogenic or flaccid gait

Question 15

Abnormal Gaits

Parkinsonian Gait

Answer 15

• The neck, trunk and knees of a patient with parkinsonian gait are flexed
• Gait is characterized by shuffling or short rapid steps at times
• Arms are held stiffly and do not have their normal associative movement
• Patient may lean forward and walk progressively faster as though they are unable to stop (festination)

Question 16

Abnormal Gaits

Steppage or Drop Foot Gait

Finals

Answer 16

• Patient’s will have a weak or paralyzed dorsiflexor muscles, resulting in a drop foot
• To compensate and avoid dragging the toes against the ground, the patient lifts the knee higher than normal
• At initial contact, the foot slaps on the ground because of loss of control of the dorsiflexor muscles