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MEH 2023 > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Define gait

A

Mechanism which the body is transported using co-ordinated movements of upper and lower limbs

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2
Q

Phases of gait cycle

A 
Stance phase (60%)
Swing phase (40%)
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3
Q

Gait cycle definiton

A

period from initial contact to next initial contact on the same side

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4
Q

5 important attributes for normal gair

A 
Stability in stance
Foot clearance (swing)
Pre-positioning for initial contact
Adequate step length 
Energy conservation
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5
Q

What is it called when both feet are in contact with the ground?

A

Double support phase

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6
Q

What defines running?

A

When there is no double support

Instead, double float when both feet are off the ground

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7
Q

What happens in sprinting?

A

Length of stance and swing phases swap

swing 60%, stance 40%

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8
Q

Stance subdivision

ILMTP

A 
Initial contact (normal heel strike)
Loading (absorb impact)
Midstance (foot flat)
Terminal stance (plantarflexed ankle)
Pre swing (metatarsophalangeal joint flex to push off)
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9
Q

Swing subdivision

A 
Initial swing (knee flexes to clear ground)
Mid swing (hip flexes and pelvis swings forward, dorsiflexion of ankle)
Terminal swing (knee extends)
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10
Q

How is tilting of pelvis towards unsupported side prevented?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus (hip abductors)

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11
Q

Stride

A

Distance from initial contact to the next initial contact with same leg

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12
Q

Step

A

Distance from initial contact with one leg to initial contact with the other

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13
Q

Cadence

A

Number of steps per minute

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14
Q

Kinematics

A

Motions (joint angles, displacements)

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15
Q

Kinetics

A

Forces and movements that cause motion

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16
Q

Concentric

A

Muscles shorten (acceleration and power generation)

17
Q

Eccentric

A

Muscles lengthen (deceleration and shock absorption)

18
Q

Isometric

A

Stability

19
Q

Muscles used in initial contact

A

Tibialis anterior (dorsiflexed)

20
Q

Muscles used in terminal stance (plantarflexion)

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

21
Q

How is energy conserved during gait cycle?

A

Maintaining centre of gravity
Momentum (eccentric muscles)
Transfer energy
Phasic muscle action (on then off action)

22
Q

Antalgic gait

A

Reduce pain
Limp
shorten stance phase in affected limb = shorten swing phase in unaffected limb

23
Q

Antalgic gait eased by

A

Walking stick in hand opposite to pain

Lean towards stick and reduce load through painful side

24
Q

Trendelenburg gait

A

Superior gluteal nerve affected

Gluteus minimus and medius fail - usually prevent pelvis dropping

25
Q

Actions trendelenburg gait

A

Pelvis drops on unaffected side (rises on affected)

Pelvis swings towards affected side = waddle

26
Q

Hemiplagic gait cause

A

paralysis of one side of body

stroke, cerebral palsy

27
Q

Hemiplagic gait action

A

Spasms on affected side - constant contraction of upper leg flexor muscles and lower leg extensor muscles = stiff

CIRCUMDUCTION (swing) affected leg round

28
Q

Diplegic gait

A

Spascity affects both limbs

Hip adductors spasms cause scissoring

29
Q

High steppage gait

A

Foot drop - Weakness of dorsiflexion

Have to flex hip more to lift foot off ground

30
Q

Causes foot drop

A

Common peroneal nerve problems
Sciatica
Neuromuscular disease

31
Q

Muscle not working in foot drop

A

Tibialis anterior (no eccentric action when placing foot down dor initial contact so SLAPS down)

32
Q

Flick associated with deep peroneal nerve damage (supplies anterior leg)

A

Eversion flick

no high steppage

33
Q

Parkinsonian gait

A 
Difficult to initiate movement 
Flex neck and trunk forwards = forward COG
Shuffling 
Festinant = accelerate 
Loss of arm swing
34
Q

Ataxic gait causes

A 
Proprioceptive (loss of sense of position of joints)
Cerebellar disease 
Vestibular damage (damage to balance organs in ear)
35
Q

Cerebellar disorders causes

A

Inherited
Acquired (stroke)
Alcohol intoxication

36
Q

Ataxic gait character

A 
Clumsy
staggering
broad based
arms outwards
swaying 
cant do heel to toe

DRUNK

MEH 2023 (8 decks)

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