Gait

Question 1

Define gait cycle

Answer 1

• foot contact to foot contact with the same foot

Question 2

Define stance phase

Answer 2

• foot contact to ipsilateral toe off (60% of gait cycle)

Question 3

Define swing phase

Answer 3

• toe off to ipsilateral foot contact (40% of gait cycle)

Question 4

Normal step length

Answer 4

• 144 cm = 4ft 8in

Question 5

Normal step width

Answer 5

-8-10 cm = 3-4 in

Question 6

Normal toe out

Answer 6

• 5-7 degrees

Question 7

Muscle activation during initial contact

Answer 7

• hip extensors: isometric
• knee extensors: eccentric
• dorsiflexors: isometric

Question 8

Muscle activation during loading response

Answer 8

• hip extensors: concentric
• knee extensors: eccentric
• dorsiflexors: eccentric

Question 9

Muscle activation during mid stance

Answer 9

• hip extensors: concentric
• hip abductors
• plantar flexors: eccentric

Question 10

Muscle activation during terminal stance

Answer 10

• hip flexors: eccentric
• plantar flexors: concentric

Question 11

Muscle activation during pre swing

Answer 11

• hip flexors: concentric
• plantar flexors: concentric

Question 12

Functional gait speed classifications

Answer 12

• Household Ambulator: <24 m/min or <0.4 m/sec
• Limited Community Ambulator: at least 24 m/min or 0.4 m/sec
• Community Ambulator: at least 48 m/min or 0.8 m/sec
• Average Gait Speed (able-bodied): 80.4 m/min or 1.34 m/sec
• 1 meter = 3.3 feet

Question 13

Functional gait speed measures

Answer 13

• 10-meter walk test: measure 14m & mark off middle 10m, start & stop time within the 10m zone
• six meter walk test (6 MWT): use oval track or long walkway w/adequate turn-around area, measure distance over 6 min & record
• Timed up and go (TUG)

Question 14

What speed is the least energy efficient

Answer 14

• slow walking = least efficient
• normal walking = most efficient
• fast walking = moderately inefficient

Question 15

Common pathological gait patterns

Answer 15

• Circumduction
• Foot drop
• Hip hike
• Knee hyperextension
• Trendelenburg gait

Question 16

6 minute walk test

Answer 16

• the score is the distance the patient walks in 6 minutes
• patient may take as many standing rests as they like but the timer keeps going & record the number of rests & total rest time
• ADs can be used but must be documented
• level of assistance must be documented if needed
• when guarding patient do not walk in front or beside patient (pacing), stay at least a half step behind patient

Question 17

Mean distance based on age and gender for a 6 minute walk test

Answer 17

• 60-69: Males - 572m; Females - 538m
• 70-79: Males - 527m; Females - 471m
• 80-89: Males - 417m; Females - 392m

Question 18

Dynamic gait index (DGI)

Answer 18

• assess individuals ability to modify balance while walking in the presence of external demands
• assesses gait, balance, & fall risk
• marked distance of 20 ft
• patient may use an AD

Question 19

Dynamic gait index score scale

Answer 19

• 3 = no gait deviation
• 2 = minimal impairment
• 1 = moderate impairment
• 0 = severe impairment
• highest score is a 24
• score <19 indicates fall risk