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NPTE-Musculoskeletal (Josh) > GAIT > Flashcards

GAIT Flashcards

1
Q

Gait Stance vs Swing

A
  • Stance: 60%: I Love Many Types of Pussy
  • Swing: 40%: In My Tesla
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2
Q

Stance vs Swing
Standard Terms

A
  • Stance 60%: Heel strike, Foot flat, Midstance, Heel off, Toe off
  • Swing 40%: Accel, Midswing, Decel
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3
Q

Stance vs Swing
RLA

A
  • Stance 60%: IC, LR, MSt, Tst, Psw
  • Swing 40%: ISw, MSw, TSw
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4
Q

Standard Terms Defined:
Heel Strike

A

Heel touches ground–starts Stance

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5
Q

Standard Terms Defined
Foot Flat

A

Entire foot contacts ground

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6
Q

Standard Terms Defined
Midstance

A

Entire BW directly over stance limb

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7
Q

Standard Terms Defined
Heel Off

A

Heel leaves ground

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8
Q

Standard Terms Defined
Toe Off

A

Only TOE remains on ground

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9
Q

Standard Terms Defined
Acceleration

A

Ref limb swings until under body

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10
Q

Standard Terms Defined
Midswing

A

Ref limb UNDER body

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11
Q

Standard Terms Defined
Deceleration

A

Swing limb begins to EXT, ends prior to heel strike

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12
Q

RLA Terms Defined
IC

A

Foot touches ground–Start Stance

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13
Q

RLA Terms Defined
LR

A

Time bw IC and swing phase for OTHER LEG

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14
Q

RLA Terms Defined
MSt

A

Other foot off floor until BODY directly over Stance leg

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15
Q

RLA Terms Defined
TSt

A

Begins w/ stance leg heel rise
Ends w/ opp foot touches ground

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16
Q

RLA Terms Defined
PSw

A

Begins w/ OPP foot touches ground
Ends w/ Stance leg reaching Toe-off

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17
Q

RLA Terms Defined
ISw

A

Begins w/ Stance leg leaves floor
Ends when MAX knee flexion reached durng Swing

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18
Q

RLA Terms Defined
MSw

A

Begins w/ MAX knee flex swing leg
Ends w/ Tibia perpendicular to ground

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19
Q

RLA Terms Defined
TSW

A

Begins w/ Tibia perpendicular to ground
Ends when foot touches floor (next IC)

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20
Q

Normal Gait ROMs

A

SEE TABLE P. 85 AND NOTABILITY

YOU FUCKING GOT THIS SHIT JOSH!!!!!!!!!!! YAAAA!!!!!

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21
Q

ROM Requirements for Gait:
Hip Flex/Ext

A
  • Hip Flex== 30deg (TSt->LR)
  • Hip Ext== 10deg (TSt)
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22
Q

ROM Requirements for gait
Knee Flex/Ext

A
  • Knee Flex== 60deg (ISw)
  • Knee Ext== 0deg (TSw, IC)
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23
Q

ROM Requirements for gait
Ankle DF/PF

A
  • Ankle DF== 10deg (MSt)
  • Ankle PF== 20deg (PSw)
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24
Q

Great toe ext reqd for gait

A

60degs!!!

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25
Q

Gait and MM activity:
IC

Cross-examine w/ MSPT I

A
  • DFs–> DF during heel strike & prep to lower foot into LR
  • Quads–> knee EXT
  • HS’s–> stabilize knee & prevent hyperEXT
  • Hip Exts + ABDs–> contract to stabilize trunk and pelvis over leg
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26
Q

Gait and MM Activity:
LR

Cross-examine w/ MSPT I

A
  • DFs–> Ecc. lowering foot towrds ground
  • Quads–> Ecc. control knee flexion as limb accepts BW
  • PFs begin Ecc. controlling DF as tibia moves over foot- Simultaneously–> Tib Post Ecc. controls pronation
  • T/O LR–> Hip Exts concentrically to produce hip Ext
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27
Q

Gait and MM Activity:
MSt

Cross-examine w/ MSPT I

A
  • PFs–> Ecc. control DF as body moves over stance limb
  • Knee MMs–> min, BUT quads concentrically produce close-chain knee Ext
  • Hip ABDs–> stabilize pelvis and prevent contralat hip drop
  • Iliopsoas–> Ecc. hip Ext
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28
Q

Gait and MM Activity:
TSt

Cross-examine w/ MSPT I

A
  • PFs–> work concentrically to aid foot in propulsion forward
  • Knee mm’s limtd
  • Hip ABDs–> stabilize pelvis
  • Iliopsoas–> Ecc. hip Ext
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29
Q

Gait and MM Activity:
PSw

Cross-examine w/ MSPT I

A
  • PFs–> @ peak activity as foot “toes off” from ground
  • HS’s–> Concentrically flex to prep swing + momentum of body here
  • Iliopsoas–> Concentric hip flexion (other hip flexors- Rec fem, sartorius, ADD longus)
30
Q

Gait and MM Activity:
ISw

Cross-examine w/ MSPT I

A
  • DFs–> Contract concentrically to clear foot
  • HS’s–> conc knee flexion
  • Hip flexors–> conc. hip flexion to adv limb forward

*ALL for limb clearance!!!

31
Q

Gait and MM Activity:
MSw

Cross-examine w/ MSPT I

A
  • DFs–> conc to maintain DF
  • Hip/Knee MIN since momentum adv’s limb
32
Q

Gait and MM Activity:
TSw

Cross-examine w/ MSPT I

A
  • DFs–> Conc to maintain DF
  • Inverters–> conc to prep for IC
  • Quads–> Conc to EXT knee for IC–> HS’s Ecc to SLOW rate of knee Ext****
  • ** Hip Exts–> Ecc. SLOW rate of hip flex + prep for IC

LOTS GOING ON HERE!!!

33
Q

Gait Terms

BOS

A
  • Dist bw feet
  • DECs as cadence INCs
  • Avg: 2-4in
34
Q

Cadence

A

Steps/min
Avg=110-120

35
Q

Degree of Toe-Out

A

Exactly what it sounds like
Avg=7degs

36
Q

Double Support phases

A

LR/PSw

37
Q

Gait Cycle

A

Heel Strike–> Next Heel Strike

38
Q

Pelvic Rotation

A
  • OPP of thorax for balance and speed
  • Avg=8 degs (4degs anterior in swing, 4degs posterior in stance)
39
Q

Single Support

A

1 LE on ground

40
Q

Step LENGTH

A
  • R. heel strike –> L. heel strike
  • Avg=28in
41
Q

STRIDE length

A
  • R. heel strike to NEXT R. heel strike
  • Avg= 56in (just double the avg step length!)
42
Q

Gait Deviations: Ankle/Foot:

Foot Slap

use chart but get familiar in BS

A

Weak DFs
DF paralysis

43
Q

Gait Deviations: Ankle/Foot

Toe Down instead of Heel Strike

use chart

A
  • PF spasticity
  • PF contracture
  • Weak DFs
  • DF paralysis
  • LLD
  • Hindfoot pain
44
Q

Gait Deviations: Ankle/Foot

Clawing of Toes

use chart

A

Toe flexor spasticity
(+) Support Reflex

45
Q

Gait Deviations: Ankle/Foot

Heel Lift @ MSt

use chart

A

Insuff DF ROM
PF spasticity

46
Q

Gait Deviations: Ankle/Foot

No Toe Off

A
  • Forefoot/Toe pain
  • Weak PFs
  • Weak toe flexors
  • Insuff PF ROM
47
Q

Gait Deviations: Knee

Exaggerated Knee Flex @ IC

use chart

A
  • Weak quads
  • Quad Paralysis
  • HS spasticity
  • Insuff Ext ROM
48
Q

Gait Deviations: Knee

HyperEXT in Stance

A

Compensation for weak quads
**PF contracture–think “PE” gym class

PF assocd w/ knee EXT, DF assocd w/ knee FLEX

49
Q

Gait Deviations: Knee

Exaggerated Knee Flex @ TSt

A
  • Knee flex contracture
  • Hip flex contracture
50
Q

Gait Deviations: Knee

Insuff Flex w/ Swing

A
  • Knee effusion (intracapsular jt swelling)
  • Quad Ext spasticity
  • PF spasticity
  • Insuff Flex ROM
51
Q

Gait Deviations: Knee

Excess Flex w/ Swing

A
  • Flexor w/drawal reflex
  • LE flexor synergy
52
Q

Gait Deviations: Hip

Insuff Hip Flexion @ IC

A
  • Weak hip flexors
  • Hip flexor paralysis
  • Hip EXT spasticity
  • Insuff Hip flexion ROM
53
Q

Gait Deviations: Hip

Insuff Hip Ext @ Stance

A
  • Insuff hip Ext ROM
  • Hip flex contracture
  • LE flexor synergy
54
Q

Gait Deviations: Hip

Circumduction @ Swing

A
  • Compensation for weak hip flexors
  • Compensation for weak DFs (cannot clear foot)
  • Compensation for weak HS’s (cannot clear limb)

ALL has to do w/ limb clearance/making leg “shorter”

55
Q

Gait Deviations: Hip

Hip Hike @ Swing

A
  • Compensation for weak DFs
  • Compensation for weak knee flexors
  • Compensation for Ext synergy
56
Q

Gait Deviations: Hip

Exaggerated Hip Flex during Swing

A
  • LE Flexor synergy
  • Compensation for Insuff Ankle DF
57
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

AntaLgic
aka Limp

A
  • Protective gait pattern–> stance time DECd to avoid WB on involved side due to pain
  • Assocd w/ rapid, short swing phase of UNinvolved limb (to get off injured leg faster)
  • Causes: bone/jt disease, jt inflamm, inj’s to mm’s/tendons/ligs
58
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

Ataxic

“drunken sailor”

A
  • Staggering, unsteadiness
  • Wide BOS
  • Mvmts exaggerated

Cerebellar dysf

59
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

Cerebellar

A

Staggering, seen in Cerebellar disease

60
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

Circumduction

think circular swinging

A

Circular motion to advance leg during swing;
MAYBE: compensation for insuff hip/knee flexors or DFs

61
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

Double Step

A

Alternate steps are @ diff length or diff rate

62
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

Equine

think HIGH STEPS

A
  • HIGH Steps; excessive activity of gastrocnemius
63
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

Festinating

PD

A
  • Pt walks on toes as if being pushed
  • Starts slow, incs until pt grasps obj to stop
64
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

Hemiplegic

Think of a stroke patient! What do they do with hemiparetic leg??

A
  • Pts abduct the involved limb, swing it around and bring it forward so foot comes to ground in front of them

You’ve seen this!

65
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

Parkinsonian

PD

A
  • Marked by increased forward flexion of trunk and knees; shuffling pattern w/ quick and small steps
  • maybe Festinating

You’ve seen this!!!

66
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns **

Scissoring

Think Spastic CP

A

Legs cross midline upon advancement

67
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

Spastic

You’ve seen this!!

A
  • STIFF mvmt, toes catch and drag, legs held together, and hips and knee jts slightly flexed
  • Spastic paraplegia
68
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

Steppage

LIFTING the feet and toes

A
  • Feet and toes LIFTED thru hip/knee flexion to excess hts
  • usually 2* DF weakness*
  • Foot slap @ IC with ground 2* decd control
69
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

Tabetic

A

HIGH stepping ataxic gait pattern in which feet slap ground

70
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

Trendelenberg

CONTRALAT hip drop

A
  • denotes Glute Med weakness
  • Excess lateral trunk flexion and wt shift
  • CONTRALATERAL HIP DROP–STANCE LEG GLUTE MED IS WEAK–CANNOT STABILIZE PELVIS ON OPP SIDE
71
Q

Abnorm Gait Patterns

VAULTING

Exactly what it sounds like

A
  • Swing leg advances (gets vaulted) by compensating thru combo of elevation of pelvis and PF of stance leg

NPTE-Musculoskeletal (Josh) (3 decks)

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