GAH Flashcards
Early Gothic
1140-1194
High Gothic
1194-1305
Late Gothic
1305-15th century
Suger, Abbot of Saint Denis
1122-1151
Saint Denis
-12th century
-Benedictine Abbey church just north of Paris (built on Carolingian church)
-1140: Narthex and choir
-1144: choir windows (1144-1151)
Saint Denis date
12th century
Suger
-born 1081
-abbot of Saint Denis (1122-1151)
-regent of France (1147-1149)
Saint Denis stained glass windows
-1140-44
-complex allegorical program
-first known example of an extended program of this type in glass
-first Tree of Jesse in stained glass (1145)
-inscription from Isiah 11, 1-2, 6
-scenes of the Infancy of Christ, Annunciation scene, portrait of Suger prostrate at the Virgin’s feet (restored)
Saint Denis - Suger’s choir
-1140-1144
-“Birth of the Gothic”
-radiating chapels
- Harmonic, two-tower façade
- Rosewindow
- 3-portal sculptural
program, with… - carvedtympana, lintels and concentric orders of voussoirs, and… 5. The very first column-statues in the history
of monumental sculpture - Ribbed vaults combined with pointed arches
- Choir conceived as a continuous, unified space; radiating chapels are pulled inward and fused with the aisles
- A complex allegorical program of stained glass, the first known example of an extended program of this type in glass
- The first Tree of Jesse in stained glass
Laon Cathedral
-1190-1205
-1190-1205
-Laon cathedral interior: 1165-1205
STRUCTURAL LOGIC IN EARLY/HIGH GOTHIC:
-“weak support” (fewer ribs, fewer rising colonettes)
“strong support” (more ribs, more rising colonettes)
-rhythm of colonettes: 5-3-5 (corresponding to sexpartite vaults)(grid-like articulation of nave wall)
Laon Cathedral date
-1190-1205
Early Gothic 4 story elevation “thick wall type”
To get added height:
-Short clerestory does not descend below springing of the vault
-Transverse spur buttress, like a triangular section of wall,
is mounted on the transverse arch of the gallery vault. It abuts nave wall at triforium level, carrying the support even higher
-“Thick wall” construction, i.e. with passages taken
in the thickness of the wall, gives extra support
-Galleries allow nave to be taller, gallery vaults help support upper nave wall and vaults
Two alternatives for early Gothic plans
-transept plan (Laon Cathedral ; looks like a cross)
-continuous plan (Notre Dame Cathedral)
Notre Dame
-1180-1200 (begun 1163) (remodeled after 1225)
-Paris
Chartres date
-1194: rebuilt after fire
WEST FACADE: (1134 - 1220)
-1145-70: central portal; portals and foundation of towers (1145); south spire (1170)
-18th century: fire
-19th century: iron replaced original timber roof
nave elevations of 4 French Gothic cathedrals at same scale
Laon –> Paris –> Chartres –> Amiens
Reims Cathedral date
-1225-1290
Naumburg Cathedral date
1242
Notre Dame date
-1180-1200 (begun 1163)
Equestrian portrait date
1235–1240
Virgin with the Dead Christ (Röttgen Pietà) date
1300–1325
Chartres
-1194: rebuilt after fire (1194-1221) –> glass and transept sculpture completed by 1240
-fire destroyed 11th century cathedral of Bishop Fulbert
-only crypt and west block are spared, thanks to vaulting
WEST FACADE: (1134 - 1220)
-1145-70: central portal; portals and foundation of towers (1145); south spire (1170)
-1216: rose window
-1507: north spire
central portal:
-jamb statues = Old Testament Precursors of Christ
-central doorway of Royal Portal (1145-1155): Old Testament kings and queens jamb statues
-tympanum of Royal Portal (mid 12th century): Christ in Majesty with Evangelist symbols and apostles
-18th century: fire
-19th century: iron replaced original timber roof
Features of Chartres-style High Gothic
-Quadripartite vaults on oblong bays (no more 6-part vaults)
-3-story elevation with a triforium at the middle level
-Clerestory descends well below springing of the vault; clerestory windows are much larger than in early Gothic buildings
-New design of windows: two lancets + a rose
-Roses filled with Plate tracery (medieval tracery carved in solid masonry, especially in the stone surround above a window)
Reims Cathedral
-1225-1290 ; Reims, France
-Nave (looking west): begun 1211, west end (1260-1290)
-west portal: coronation of the Virgin Mary by Christ
-west facade: Annunciation and Visitation jamb statues of central doorway (1230-1255)
Naumburg Cathedral
Naumberg, Germany, 1242
-choir has preserved coloration
Naumberg Master:
-Crucifixion:
-west choir screen (1249-1255)
-emotional pathos of the crucified Christ and the mourning Virgin and Saint John are characteristic of German medieval sculpture
-Statues of the Donors in the west choir:
-painted limestone
-period costumes and individualized features of these donor statues give the impression that they posed for the Naumburg Master, but they lived long before the sculptor’s time
-Ekkehard and Uta:
-statues in the west choir the donors
-painted limestone, Ekkehard 6’ 2” high
Death of the Virgin tympanum
-Strasbourg Cathedral, Strasbourg, France,1230
-tympanum of the left doorway of the south transept
Death of the Virgin date
1230
Equestrian portrait (Bamberg Rider)
-Bamberg Cathedral, Germany, 1235–1240
-statue in the east choir
-sandstone, 7’ 9” high
Virgin with the Dead Christ (Röttgen Pietà)
-the Rhineland, Germany, 1300–1325
-painted wood, 2’ 10 1/2” high
-Rheinisches Landemuseum, Bonn.
Cologne Cathedral
-Cologne, Germany, begun 1248
-Gerhard of Cologne, choir completed 1322.
-nave, facade, and towers completed 1880
Shrine of the Three Kings
Nicholas of Verdun
1180–1220
Cologne Cathedral
-gold, silver gilt, bronze gilt, gems, pearls and enamel, 1.70×1.80 m, with later additions
Adoration of the Magi & Crucifixion:
-gold, c. 1198
Klosterneuburg Altar(piece)
Nicholas of Verdun
Austria
1181, refashioned after 1330
-Gilded copper and enamel in wooden frames, 3’ 6 3/4” high.
-Stiftsmuseum, Klosterneuburg (originally the pulpit of the Benedictine Abbey in Klosterneuburg near Vienna)
-Signed by the Mosan goldsmith Nicholas of Verdun
-Made for the provost Wernher of the Augustinian canons of Klosterneuberg in Austria
-The central register is inscribed sub gratia and shows the events of the New Testament, from the Annunciation to Pentecost and the Second Coming of Christ at the Last Judgement
-The registers above and below bear scenes related in theme and content to those of the New Testament, but from the periods before and after the revelation of the Law to Moses, ante legem and sub lege respectively
-The Adoration of the Magi, for example, is attached to the Meeting of Abraham and Melchizedek, ante legem, and to the Queen of Sheba before Solomon, sub lege, so that royal figures are shown paying tribute or presenting gifts
-The program is described by the inscriptions surrounding the scenes, thus forming a sermon in pictures
YEAR 1200 STYLE*
typology
The study of symbolic representation, especially of the origin and meaning of Scripture types
In medieval typology, an argument is made for the unity of the Old and New Testaments.
Two scenes from the Old Testament (“types”) are often shown to prefigure (i.e., to predict or foreshadow) scenes from the New Testament (called the “antitypes”).
Typically, one OT scene will be from the time before Moses (ante legem), and the other from the the time after Moses (sub lege).
Kosterneuburg pulpit (parts of altarpiece)
Nicholas of Verdun
-1181
-Klosterneuburg Abbey
Sacrifice of Issac
Crossing the Red Sea
Queen of Sheba before Solomon
Resurrection of Christ:
-An unfinished Resurrection was found on the back of one of the other panels; the artist evidently decided to opt for something less traditional
Dyptych leaf
-The Symmachi Panel
-circa 400
-Rome
-Carved elephant ivory
-A priestess, standing beneath an oak tree and attended by a small girl, is preparing to sprinkle the contents of the bowl in her left hand on to the altar in front of her
-At the top of the panel is the inscription ‘SYMMACHORUM’, referring to the Roman Symmachi family
-The panel probably partly owes its survival to having been incorporated into an early 13th-century reliquary shrine at the abbey of Montier-en-Der in France, where it remained until the French Revolution
Sleeping Apostle
-Villard de Honnecourt
-Vaucelles Plan,
-1215-1240
-Ink drawing on parchment.
-Captions by a later hand (Paris, BN)
