GA2 Flashcards
What does ‘magnification’ mean?
The process of enlarging the physical image or appearance of something.
What does resolution mean?
The ability to distinguish between two points as separate structures.
How to you work out image size?
Image = Actual size x magnification
How do you work out the total magnification?
Total magnification = eyepiece lens x objective lens
What is the maximum magnification of a light microscope?
X1500
What is the maximum resolution of a light microscope?
0.0001mm
What is the maximum magnification of an electron microscope?
X2000000
What is the maximum resolution of an electron microscope?
2.0x10-7
What does differentiation mean?
“Making them adapted to carry out a particular function”
What can cell differentiation cause changes to?
- The number or size of a particular organelle found in a cell. (Eg mitochondria in a muscle cell)
- The shape of the cell
- Changes to some of the contents of a cell (eg red blood cells having no nucleus)
Tissues
- Animal and plant cells can form tissues
- A living tissue is made up from a group of cells with a similar structure and function, which all work together to do a particular job.
Organs
- An organ is made from a group of different tissues, which all work together to do a particular job.
Organ System
- An organ system is made from a group of different organs, which all work together to do a particular job.
What is cell fractionation?
- Process where cells are broken up and different organelles they contain spread out.
- It is used to help us study cell organelle structures and function.
What must the tissue be before cell fractionation?
- Cold = reduces enzyme activity
- Isotonic = to make sure cells don’t burst or swell
- Buffered = keeps it a sensible ph so proteins aren’t denatured.