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Colin GI > GA Peritoneal Cavity & Mesenteries > Flashcards

GA Peritoneal Cavity & Mesenteries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two layers of peritoneum?

A

Perietal, visceral

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2
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to?

A

Pain, temperature, and pressure; localized sensation (can pinpoint exact location of sensation)

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3
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum sensitive to?

A

stretch and chemical irritation; poorly localized

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4
Q

How do you know which nerves and vessels supply the layers of the peritoneum?

A

Parietal peritoneum - vessels and nerves are the same as those supplying blood and innervation at the region it is present

Visceral peritoneum - vessels and nerves are the same as those supplying the organs the visceral peritoneum is surrounding.

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5
Q

Difference between the Parietal and Visceral Peritoneum?

A

Parietal peritoneum lines the body wall

Visceral Peritoneum covers the organs

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6
Q

What makes an organ Intraperitoneal vs Retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal: organ is most completely covered with visceral peritoneum

Retroperitoneal: Organ developed outside peritoneal cavity and is only PARTIALLY covered with peritoneum

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7
Q

Which organs are Retroperitoneal?

A 
SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal Glands (adrenal)
Aorta/Inf. Vena Cava
Duodenum (Parts 2,3,4; part 1 is intraperitoneal)
Pancreas (except tail is intraperitoneal)
Ureters
Colon (ascending & descending only)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
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8
Q

What is Primary Retroperitoneal, and which organs does it describe?

A

Organs developed on the posterior body wall, they were never suspended in dorsal mesentery.

Kidneys, Ureters, Aorta, Inf. Vena Cava

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9
Q

What is Secondary Retroperitoneal, and which organs does it describe?

A

GI organs that used to be in the mesentery, and then fused to the posterior body wall.

Ascending/Descending Colon, Duodenum (parts 2,3,4), Pancreas

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10
Q

What is the ligament that connects spleen to posterior body wall and what is it formed from?

A

Splenorenal Ligament, formed from the dorsal mesentery

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11
Q

What is the ligament connecting the spleen to the stomach and what is it formed from?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament; dorsal mesentery

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12
Q

What two ligaments together form the Lesser Omentum, and what are they formed from?

A

Hepatoduodenal Ligament
Gastrohepatic ligament

Both are formed from the ventral mesentery

When you hear Lesser Omentum, think LIVER

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13
Q

What Ligament connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall, and what is it formed from?

A

Falciform Ligament; ventral mesentery

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14
Q

What ligaments together make the Greater Omentum?

A

Gastrophrenic Ligament
Gastrosplenic Ligament
Gastrocolic Ligament

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15
Q

What ligament connects the diaphragm and the transverse colon, and what does it do?

A

Phrenicocolic Ligament, supports the Splenic Flexure

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16
Q

What artery runs through the Hepatoduodenal Ligament and what two arteries branch off of it?

A

Proper Hepatic A.

  • Cystic A. (follows cystic duct to gallbladder)
  • Right Gastric A. (goes to stomach)
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17
Q

What arteries run through the Gastrohepatic Ligament

A

Right Gastric A. (which branches off the Proper hepatic A.)

Left Gastric A.

These two arteries form an anastemosis

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18
Q

What mesentery is the Lesser omentum developed from?

A

The Ventral Mesentery

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19
Q

What mesentery is the Greater Omentum developed from?

A

The Dorsal Mesentery

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20
Q

What artery runs through the Gastrophrenic Ligament?

A

Posterior Gastric A.

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21
Q

What arteries run through the Gastrosplenic Ligament?

A

Short Gastric Arteries

Left Gastroomental A.

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22
Q

What arteries run through the Gastrocolic Ligament?

A

Left Gastrooemntal A.
Right Gastroomental A.

These two arteries form an anastemosis

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23
Q

What artery runs through the Splenorenal Ligament?

A

Splenic A.

24
Q

What arteries run through the Transverse Mesocolon?

A

Middle Colic A.

Marginal A.

25
Q

What arteries run through the mesentery (aka mesentery proper)

A

Ileal A.
Jejunal A.
Superior Mesenteric A.

26
Q

What artery runs through the Root of the Mesentery?

A

Ileocolic A.

Root of mesentery connects mesentery to posterior body wall

27
Q

What arteries run through the Sigmoid Mesocolon?

A

Sigmoid Arteries

28
Q

What three structures make up the portal triad and what is each structures orientation to the others?

A

Proper Hepatic A. (Anterior, medial)
Common Bile Duct (Anterior Lateral)
Hepatic Portal V. (Posterior)

29
Q

What is the Epiploic Foramen (omental foramen), and what are the structures that form its borders?

A

Epiploic foramen (omental foramen) is the opening that separates the Greater Sac and the Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa)

Anterior: Hepatoduodenal Ligament (Portal Triad)

Posterior: Inf. Vena Cava and the Right Crus of the Diaphragm

Superior: Caudate Lobe of the Liver

Inferior: 1st part of the Duodenum

30
Q

What Structures are found anterior to the Lesser Sac?

A

Stomach, Lesser Omentum (Gastrohepatic Ligament, Hepatoduodenal Ligament), Gastrocolic Ligament

31
Q

What structures are found posterior to the Lesser Sac?

A

Left Kidney, Pancreas, Splenic A/V, Aorta, Inf. Vena Cava, Left Suprarenal Gland

32
Q

What structures are found Superior to the Lesser Sac?

A

Liver, Diaphragm

33
Q

What structures are found Inferior to the Lesser Sac?

A

Transverse Mesocolon, 1st part of the duodenum

34
Q

What structures are to the Left of the Lesser Sac?

A

Spleen, Gastrosplenic Ligament

35
Q

What structures are to the Right of the Lesser Sac?

A

Epiploic Foramen (opens into the greater sac)

36
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the Peritoneal Cavity, and what structure divides them?

A

Supracolic Compartment and Infracolic Compartment

Transverse Mesocolon Separates these two compartments

37
Q

What organs are found in the Supracolic compartment?

A

Stomach, Liver, and Spleen

38
Q

What organs are found in the Infracolic Compartment?

A

Small Intesting, Ascending Colon, Descending Colon

39
Q

The Infracolic Compartment is split into two smaller compartments. What are they and what structure divides them?

A

Right Infracolic Compartment and the Left Infracolic Compartment

They are divided by the Root of the Mesentery

40
Q

What do you call the spaces on the lateral sides of the Ascending Colon and the Descending Colon?

A

Right Paracolic Gutter and Left Paracolic Gutter

41
Q

Which of the Paracolic Gutters is the most narrow, and why is this the case?

A

The Left Paracolic Gutter is more narrow because of the Phrenocolic Ligament, which connects the Descending Colon to the Diaphragm.

42
Q

What do you call the two most superior spaces in the abdomen and what structure separates the two?

A

Right Subphrenic Space and the Left Subphrenic Space

Separated by the Falciform L.

43
Q

What do you call the Deepest Pouch that fluid in the abdomen can enter in Males?

A

Rectovesicular Pouch

The Space between the Rectum and the Bladder

44
Q

What do you call the Deepest Pouch that fluid in the abdomen can enter in Females?

A

Rectouterine Pouch

The space between the Rectum and the Uterus

45
Q

What are some things to consider when performing abdominal surgery?

A

It is very painful due to the thoracoabdominal nerves

Surgery can result in adhesions - can cause obstructions

Best to stay out of peritoneal cavity if possible or perform laproscopic surgery

46
Q

What is Peritonitis and what can cause it?

A

Infection in the peritoneal cavity

Can be caused by stabbings or gunshot wounds as well as a rupture of an abdominal organ

47
Q

What is Ascites?

A

Excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity

48
Q

What is Paracentesis?

A

Paracentesis is a procedure done to treat Ascites (excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity) whereby fluid is drained from the abdomen.

Drainage is done in lower left quadrant, avoiding nerves and vessels

49
Q

What are the 5 parts of the Pancreas?

A 
Head
Uncinate Process
Neck
Body
Tail
50
Q

At what spinal segment is the pancreas located?

A

L1-L2

51
Q

What structures are Anterior to the Pancreas?

A

The Lesser Sac

Stomach

52
Q

What structures are Posterior to the Pancreas?

A

Vena Cava, Aorta, Splenic Vein, Bile Duct, Right Crus of the Diaphragm, Left Kidney and vessels, Left Suprarenal Gland, Superior Mesenteric Artery and Superior Mesenteric Vein

53
Q

What structures are to the Right of the Pancreas?

A

2nd part of the Duodenum

54
Q

What structures are to the Left of the Pancreas?

A

The Spleen (pancreas tail tickles the spleen)

55
Q

What structures are Inferior to the Pancreas?

A

3rd part of the Duodenum

56
Q

Why is it clinically significant that the Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein are posterior to the Pancreas.

A

Pancreatic Cancer.
The Uncinate process forms a C shape around the Superiror Mesenteric Artery and Vein
If the Pancreatic tissue grows and envelops these vessels you cannot perform surgery to treat the cancer

Colin GI (10 decks)

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