GA Lab 1 - Osteology and Gluteal Region Flashcards
What is the anterior wall of the pelvis made of?
- Bodies of pubic bones
- Pubic rami
- Pubic symphysis
What is the posterior wall of the pelvis made of?
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
- Piriformis muscles
Piriformis:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Innervation
- Function
- Anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina
- Medial side of superior border of greater trochanter of femur
- Branches from S1 and S2
- Lateral rotation of extended hip joint and abduction of flexed hip (same as obturator internus)
What are the lateral walls of the pelvis made of?
- Hip bones
- Obturator membrane
- Sacrotuberous ligaments
- Sacrospinous ligaments
- Obturator internus muscle
Obturator internus:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Innervation
- Function
- Anterolateral wall of true pelvis (deep surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone)
- Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
- Nerve to obturator internus: L5, S1
- Lateral rotation of extended hip joint and abduction of flexed hip (same as piriformis)
Location of obturator internus?
Obturator foramen
What closes most of the obturator foramen?
Obturator membrane
Where is the obturator canal located? What does it contain? Purpose?
Superiorly to obturator foramen between the membrane and adjacent bone, providing a route of communication between the lower limb and the pelvic cavity and containing obturator nerve and vessels
What passes through the greater sciatic foramen? What does it mean for relative location?
Located superior to the piriformis: superior gluteal nerves and vessels
Located inferior to the piriformis:
- Inferior gluteal nerves and vessels
- Sciatic nerve
- Pudendal nerve
- Internal pudendal vessels
- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerves
- Nerves to the obturator internus and quadratus femoris muscles
What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
- Tendon of the obturator internus muscles
- Pudendal nerve
- Internal pudendal vessels
What are ischio-anal fossae?
Inverted wedge-shaped gutters in the anal triangle on each side of the anal aperture between the levator ani muscles and adjacent pelvic walls (obturator internus muscles) as the two structures diverge inferiorly
Lateral wall of ischio-anal fossae?
Obturator internus muscle
Medial wall of ischio-anal fossae?
Levator ani muscles
Superficial wall/base of ischio-anal fossae?
Skin
What is the iliac crest?
Entire superior margin of the ilium that is thickened that terminates anteriorly as the anterior superior iliac spine and posteriorly as the posterior superior iliac spine
What is the tubercle of the iliac crest?
A prominent tubercle of the iliac crest projecting laterally near the anterior end of the crest
What is the iliac tuberosity?
Posterior end of the crest that thickens
What are anterior and posterior sacral foramina? What passes through?
4 pairs of anterior sacral foramina on the anterior surface of the sacrum for anterior rami of S1 to S4
4 pairs of posterior sacral foramina on the posterior surface for the posterior rami of S1 to S4
In between sacral alae
What is the arcuate line? What to note?
Ridge separating the upper and lower parts of the ilium that is rounded
Makes up part of the pelvic inlet
What is the iliopubic eminence?
Rounded elevation on the superior surface of the pelvic bone at the junction of the ilium and the superior ramus of the pubis
What is the pecten pubis? Other name? What to note?
Sharp superior margin of the triangular surface of the superior pubic ramus, which forms part of the linea terminalis of the pelvic bone
= pectineal line
Makes up part of the pelvic inlet
Where are the iliolumbar and lumbosacral ligaments?
Extend from the expanded transverse processes of vertebra L5 to the ilium and the sacrum, respectively
Where is the anterior longitudinal ligament?
Across the anterior surface of the vertebral column
Where is the posterior longitudinal ligament?
Across the posterior surface of the vertebral column
What is the anterior sacroiliac ligament?
Thickening of the fibrous membrane of the joint capsule that runs anteriorly and inferiorly to the joint
What is the posterior sacroiliac ligament?
Covers the interosseous sacro-iliac ligament
What is the supraspinous ligament?
Ligament across all spinous processes of all vertebrae of the vertebral column
Boundaries of urogenital triangle?
Inferior pubic arch superiorly and 2 pubic rami laterally
Boundaries of anal triangle?
Coccyx posteriorly and 2 ischial tuberosities laterally
What is the epimysum?
Deep fascia of gluteus maximus muscle
Muscle attached to the sacrotuberous ligament?
Gluteus maximus muscle
