G7_Excavator_Nociceptors: Their Role in Body’s Defenses, Tissue Specific Variations and Anatomical Update

Question 1

The functional unit of the nociceptive system

Answer 1

nociceptor

Question 2

respond to potentially harmful stimuli within viscera, bones, muscles, skin and specialized sensory organs

Answer 2

Nociceptors

Question 3

Nociceptive neurons are one of the key components of the __, making it possible to perceive mechanical, chemical and thermal exteroceptive stimuli

Answer 3

somatosensory system

Question 4

a complex sensation which can be associated with both high threshold stimuli or pathological stimuli.

Answer 4

Pain

Question 5

Nociceptors are primary ___ neurons specifically tuned to perceive stimuli arising either from actual or potential tissue damage

Answer 5

afferent pseudounipolar

Question 6

Two types of nociceptive fibers

Answer 6

Type-A fiber
Type-C fiber

Question 6

Nociceptors belong to the group of high-threshold ___

Answer 6

mechanoreceptors

Question 7

nociceptors that participate in the transmission of intense short-term mechanical stimuli, known as “primary pain”

Answer 7

Type-A fiber

Question 7

have a high temperature threshold (>50°C) and are responsible for conducting primarily mechanical signals

Answer 7

Type I A

Question 8

have higher mechanical and lower temperature thresholds and are mainly responsible for conducting thermal signals

Answer 8

Type II A

Question 9

nociceptors that transmit diffuse signals of “secondary pain” (dull pain, prolonged burning sensation)

Answer 9

Type-C fiber

Question 10

Receptors containing Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are known as ___

Answer 10

peptidergic nociceptors

Question 11

___ innervate the basal layer of the epidermis and internal organs and are mainly responsible for conducting thermal stimuli

Answer 11

Peptidergic neurons

Question 12

___ perceive impulses from a more superficial layer of the epidermis and perceive mechanical stimuli

Answer 12

non-peptidergic neurons

Question 13

Neural crest cells end up within the developing dorsal root ganglia and give rise to mitotically ___, which further differentiate into nociceptive sensory neurons

Answer 13

active progenitor cells

Question 14

Most sensory neuron differentiation is regulated by __

Answer 14

neurotrophins

Question 15

often located close to dendritic cells and are required for the activation of type-17 innate immune responses

Answer 15

TRPV1+ neurons

Question 16

The ___ is primarily represented by unmyelinated C-type slow fibers, including peptidergic nociceptors responding to pH changes and inflammation

Answer 16

visceral nociceptive system

Question 17

A major portion of all nociceptors in internal organs is represented by a specific type of nociceptors known as __

Answer 17

“sleeping” mechanoreceptors

Question 18

released in peritonitis stimulate peptidergic nociceptors and cause pain

Answer 18

Biologically active substances (BAS)

Question 19

The bronchopulmonary airways are innervated by nociceptive vagal C-fibers, represented by two types of receptors:

Answer 19

nonnociceptive nociceptors and nociceptors associated with the Type 1 Vanilloid Channels (TRPV1)

Question 20

In bones, sensory nerve fibers are primarily represented by “sleeping” nociceptors; their cell bodies are located in the
__

Answer 20

dorsal root ganglia (DRG)