G5 Flashcards
SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
- system of piping within public or private premises that conveys sewage or other liquid waste to an approved point of disposal.
- sometimes referred to as the drain, waste, and vent (DWV) system, is a network of pipes that remove wastewater from a building.
IMPORTANCE OF PROPER SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
- for maintaining public health by preventing the spread
of disease and providing a hygienic living environment. - to remove any excess water from the house and helps in the prevention of water-related damage to the home.
- to ensure that clogged-up water does not affect the work being done during the construction phase.
HISTORY OF THE SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Sanitary drainage systems have been used since ancient times, with early civilizations like the Indus Valley and ancient Rome using basic channels. Modern plumbing systems emerged in the 19th century, focusing on sanitation and disease prevention. Innovations like sewer networks, trap systems, and sewage treatment plants shaped modern public health and environmental standards.
GENERAL RULES IN DESIGNING THE SANITARY SYSTEM
-The pipes should take the shortest possible route to the house
sewer or the terminating point of the sanitary system.
-Control components such as clean-outs, traps, and vents, should be located strategically to ensure efficient circulation.
DETERMINE AND EXPLAIN THE SUBSYSTEMS OF THE SANITARY
SYSTEM
- Waste Collection System - gathers and transports wastewater and sewage from various sources within a building to the point of disposal or treatment.
- Ventilation System - provide airflow within the sanitary drainage system, facilitating the movement of wastewater and preventing the buildup of gases and pressure.
PLUMBING SYSTEM OPERATION
The Sanitary Drainage consists of ____ at each ______, and fixture branch, stack, and drain pipes that carry wastewater away from the plumbing fixtures and out of the building.
trap, fixture
PLUMBING SYSTEM OPERATION
Water transports wastes into the sanitary drainage piping and out of the building sewer line, leading to a community wastewater treatment plant or to a ___________.
private sewage treatment system
PLUMBING SYSTEM OPERATION
_______ is the driving force behind wastewater flow, so the sanitary drainage system is known as a gravity system.
Gravity
PLUMBING SYSTEM OPERATION
The _____ system side of the system introduces and circulates air in the system to maintain atmospheric pressure in the drain lines and ensure adequate gravity flow of wastewater. Venting prevents a _____ pressure (suction) in the system that could suck water from fixture traps and allow sewer gases to infiltrate the building. The vent system also exhausts sewer gases to the outdoors.
vent, negative
PRIVY
- oldest form of disposal of organic waste
- consists of a water tight vault constructed of concrete for the collection of raw sewage and a wooden shelter.
- 50’ to 150’ (15m to 45 m) away from the water supply
- vault should be supplied with ventilation
- should be screened and protected from vermin and flies.
Septic Tank and Seepage Pit
- cycle is completed below ground and within the property.
- liquid wastes are purified due to the action of anaerobic bacteria through precipitation in the digestion chamber and effluent is discharged in the leaching chamber by natural percolation.
- Location must be near the structure served: (5’) 1.50 m
- water-tight and gas tight and 50’–150’ (15m-45m) away from water sources
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF A SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
– House Sewer
– House Drain
– House Trap
– Fresh-air inlet
– Soil and Waste Stacks
– Fixture Branches
– Traps
– Vents
SPECIAL DEVICES OF A SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
– Interceptors
– Sumps and Ejectors
– Backwater Valves
– Roof and Floor Drains
liquid discharge
Effluent
non-soluble organic matter that floats on the surface of the sewage
Scum
organic matter that settles at the base of the septic tank
Sludge
Size of tank for Residence
6 persons min capacity of 50 cu ft, and for larger household 5-6 cu. ft/person
Size of tank for Commercial, industrial and institutional
2-3 cu ft/person
- extends from the public sewer to the private sewage disposal tank to the wall of the structure and is entirely outside the building
• Glazed vitrified clay – min. 6” –36 “ Ø, 2’-3’ long
• Cast-iron min. 4” Ø, 5’ to10’ long
• Copper –12’ to 20’ long
• Plastic pipe –10’ to 20’ long
–12” deep with concrete pavement –18” deep without concrete covering
–Slope at 1/8” or ¼” to the foot
House Sewer
- The horizontal main into which the vertical soil and waste stacks discharge connects directly to the house sewer.
– Sanitary drain
–Leader drain
• Copper
• Plastic
• Extra heavy cast-iron
– Slope at 1/8” or ¼” per foot
– clean out at the cellar/basement wall for clear obstructions and at the foot of each waste and soil stack.
House Drain
– to admit fresh air to the drainage system so that there will be a free circulation without compression throughout the house drain and stacks discharging above the roof
– necessary adjunct to the house trap
Fresh-air inlet
– collects the sewage from the fixtures through their branches.
• Should rest solidly at the bottom on masonry piers or heavy posts
• The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilation
• Made of heavy cast-iron, copper, plastic
• Supported at intervals of 10’ with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beams
• Min 4” Ø 1’ below the roof
• should be straight free of bends and turns
Soil and Waste Stacks
– Connect the fixtures with the stacks
– Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of each fixture
– 1/8” –½” per foot
– Horizontal branch should not be more than 5’ (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent opening
– Cast-iron, plastic, copper or galvanized steel
Fixture Branches
– catches water after each discharge from a fixture so as not to allow unpleasant and obnoxious gases in a sanitary drainage system to escape through the fixture
– All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except for the laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap
- min depth of 2” and max of 4” depth
– Placed within 2’ of the fixture accessible for cleaning through its
bottom with a plug
– Made of steel, cast-iron, copper, plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets which are made of vitreous chin a cast integrally with the fixture
Traps
