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gross 2 exam 3 > g2e3 > Flashcards

g2e3 Flashcards

1
Q

a vertical plane that starts at the midpoint of the clavicle and goes down to the midpoint of ASIS to pubic symphysis?

A

midclavicular plane

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2
Q

Horizontal plane that starts at the inferior margin of rib 10?

A

subcostal plane

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3
Q

plane that joins tubercles of the iliac crest

A

transtubercle plane

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4
Q

which region(s) do you find the liver?

A

R. hypochondrium, epigastric, left hypocondrium

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5
Q

which quadrant(s) do you find the gallbladder?

A

R. upper

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6
Q

where would you feel pain from your appendix?

A

R lower quadrant

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7
Q

landmark for umbilicus?

A

L2-L5

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8
Q

the camper’s layer of fascia is continuous with?

A

superficial fascia of perineum and thigh

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9
Q

a membranous layer of fascia BELOW the inguinal lig?

A

deep/scarpa’s fascia

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10
Q

what covers each anterior abdominal wall muscle on the anterior and posterior surfaces?

A

Deep (investing) layer of fascia

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11
Q

this condition occurs btw the scarpa’s fasica and deep fascia where a potential space can be filled with fluid and is exclusively in males

A

Extravasation of urine

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12
Q

T/F infection cannot spread inferiorly due to the attachment of fascia lata in extravasation of urine?

A

T

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13
Q

extends from xiphoid process to pubic symphsis?

A

linea alba

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14
Q

which is does NOT form the rectus sheath? A. transverse abdominis B. external oblique C. rectus abdominis D. internal oblique?

A

C.

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15
Q

what does the rectus sheath enclose?

A

rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, sup and inf epigastric art and vein, ant primary rami of lower 6 T nerves

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16
Q

T/F the arcuate line is a cresent shaped line in the p osterior later of the rectus sheath, midway btw umbilicus and pubic symphysis

A

F pubic crest

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17
Q

what is the anterior layer of the rectus sheath composed of ABOVE the arcuate line?

A

aponeurosis of external and internal oblique

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18
Q

what layer of the rectus sheath is composed of internal oblique and transversus abdominis, is it above or below arcuate line?

A

posterior layer, above

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19
Q

what do you call the embryonic bladder?

A

urachus

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20
Q

the anterior layer of the rectus sheath, below the arcuate line, is composed of?

A

external oblique, internal oblique, transverus abdominus

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21
Q

T/F the posterior layer of the rectus sheath, below the arcuate line is composed of internal oblique and transversus abdominus

A

F only transversalis fascia

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22
Q

this fold contains urachus and extends from the apex of the bladder to umbilicus?

A

mediAN umbilical fold

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23
Q

where does the Medial umbilical fold extend from and what does it contain?

A

extends from side of bladder to umbilicus, contains obliterated umbilical artery

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24
Q

this fold contains inferior epigastric veins and arteries and extends from the deep umbilical ring to the arcuate line?

A

lateral umbilical fold

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25
Q

which fold(s) is paired with the supravesical fossa?

A

median and medial folds

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26
Q

which fossa(s) are paired with medial and lateral folds?

A

medial inguinal fossa

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27
Q

the lateral inguinal fossa is paired with?

A

lateral fold

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28
Q

what lies above the umbilicus and contains the obliterated umbilical vein?

A

Ligamentum Teres

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29
Q

what is the free edge of the falciform ligament?

A

ligamentum Teres

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30
Q

falciform ligament attached to?

A

liver

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31
Q

what is the innervation of the Anterior abdominal wall?

A

lower 6 T nerves

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32
Q

what do the lower 6 T nerves run btw?

A

internal oblique and transverse abdominus

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33
Q

what is formed by the thickening of the lower edge of the external oblique aponeurosis?

A

inguinal ligament

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34
Q

the inguinal ligament extends from?

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

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35
Q

what are the most medial fibers of the inguinal ligament and insert into the superior pubic ramis?

A

Lacunar ligament

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36
Q

T/F the pectineal ligament is the lateral extension of the inguinal ligament that runs along the pectineal line?

A

F. lateral extension of Lacunar ligament

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37
Q

T/F the inguinal canal begins at the superficial inguinal ring?

A

F. ends at superficial inguinal ring, BEGINS at deep inguinal ring

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38
Q

what does the inguinal canal transmit? male,female,both?

A

male-spermatic cord female-round ligament of uterus both- ilioinguinal nerve

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39
Q

what is formed by the fusion of internal oblique and transverse abdominus aponeurosis?

A

conjoint tendon (inguinal Falx)

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40
Q

what inserts into the pubic crest and pectin pubis deep to inguinal ligament?

A

conjoint tendon

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41
Q

what is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

external oblique

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42
Q

what is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

conjoint tendon and transverse fascia

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43
Q

what forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

arching fibers of the internal oblique and transverse abdominus

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44
Q

what forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

inguinal and lacunar ligaments

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45
Q

a triangular opening in the external oblique aponuerosis that lies immediately lateral to the pubic tubercle

A

superficial inguinal ring

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46
Q

what inserts into the pubic tubercle and some fibers reflex to superior pubic ramus as the lacunar ligament?

A

lateral crus

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47
Q

where does the medial crus insert?

A

pubic crest

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48
Q

what strengthens the apex of the superficial inguinal ring?

A

intercrural fibers

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49
Q

without these a hernia would happen from fibers splitting

A

intercrural fibers

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50
Q

an opening within the transversalis fascia, above inguinal ligament, and lateral to inferior epigastric artery and vein?

A

Deep inguinal ring

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51
Q

what are the boundaries of the inguinal triangle?

A

medially-lateral edge of rectus abdominus
laterally- inferior epigastric
inferiorly- inguinal ligament

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52
Q

indirect hernia passes through which structures?

A

deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, superficial inguinal ring before descending to scrotum or labia majora (in order)

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53
Q

what is the embryological outpouching of the peritoneum, which forms the inguinal canal and tunica vaginalis of scrotum?

A

processus vaginalis

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54
Q

T/F rectus abdominus plays a major role in prevention of hernias?

A

F lies medial

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55
Q

this hernia occurs inferior to the inguinal ligament and is more common in women?

A

femoral hernia

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56
Q

you are at risk for this hernia if you have an incomplete closure of anterior abdominal wall after closure of umbilicus at birth?

A

umbilical hernia

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57
Q

what begins at the deep inguinal ring and ends at the testis

A

spermatic cord

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58
Q

what is the outter most fascia of the spermatic cord that is derived from the external oblique aponeurosis?

A

external spermatic fasica

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59
Q

cremaster muscles are derived from?

A

internal oblique

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60
Q

what is the middle layer of fascia of the spermatic cord?

A

cremasteric fascia

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61
Q

what is the function of cremaster muscles?

A

temp regulations and retracts testes

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62
Q

what nerve innervates the cremaster muscles?

A

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve L1/L2

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63
Q

what does a subluxation of L1/L2 cause?

A

male infertility

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64
Q

what is the innermost fascia derived from transversalis fascia?

A

internal spermatic fascia

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65
Q

muscular duct that transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct?

A

ductus deferens

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66
Q

what is a branch of the abdominal aorta involved with the spermatic cord?

A

testicular artery

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67
Q

an extensive network of veins which make up the bulk of spermatic cord?

A

pampiniform plexus

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68
Q

where do the network of veins that make up the pampiniform plexus join to form the testicular vein?

A

deep inguinal ring

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69
Q

define varicocele?

A

varicose veins in pampiniform plexus

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70
Q

where does the left testicular vein drain to ?

A

left renal vein

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71
Q

where does the right testicular vein drain to?

A

inferior vena cava

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72
Q

what is a branch of the superior vesical artery?

A

artery to the ductus deferens

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73
Q

what is the cremasteric artery a branch of?

A

inferior epigastric artery

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74
Q

what nerve runs through the inguinal canal and superficial ring?

A

ilioinguinal nerve

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75
Q

T/F the ilioinguinal nerve accompanies the spermatic cord and is a part of it?

A

F is not a part of spermatic cord

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76
Q

what are the two branches of ilioinguinal nerve?

A

femoral nerve and anterior scrotal or labial nerves

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77
Q

what muscle attached to scrotum and and functions to regulate temp?

A

dartos muscle

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78
Q

where does the parietal layer of tunica vaginalis?

A

lies internally to the internal spermatic fascia

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79
Q

what layer of the the tunica vaginalis is connected to testes and epididymis?

A

visceral layer (deep)

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80
Q

what is the accumulation of fluid within the tunica vaginalis?

A

hydrocele

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81
Q

what is the fibrous outer covering of the testes that is deep to the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis?

A

tunica albuginea

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82
Q

T/F the mediastinum testes is a fibrous compartment in the posterior part of testes?

A

T

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83
Q

what unite to form the straight tubules?

A

seminiferous tubules

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84
Q

what is the functional, sperm producing portion of the testes?

A

seminiferous tubules

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85
Q

where do the straight tubules empty?

A

rete testis

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86
Q

T/F Afferent ductules connect rete testis to head of epididymis?

A

F efferent ductules

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87
Q

where is sperm stored until maturity?

A

epididymis

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88
Q

T/F the head of the epididymis is connected to the inferior surface of testes by efferent ductules?

A

F. superior surface

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89
Q

where does the tail of the epididymis end?

A

in the ductus deferens

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90
Q

which part of the epididymis runs along the posterior surface of the testes?

A

body of epidiymus

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91
Q

where does the lymph from the scrotum drain?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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92
Q

ligament that is present in fetus that pulls testes down through the inguinal canal to the scrotum during decent is called?

A

gubernaculum testes ligament

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93
Q

in females the round ligaments are remnants of what?

A

gubernaculum testes

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94
Q

T/F in males the peritoneal cavity is completely enclosed?

A

T

95
Q

2 ways to get an infection of peritoneal cavity?

A
  1. immuno compromise- HIV drugs 2. unsanitary birth conditions
96
Q

which is not a function of peritoneum> A. minimize friction btw organs, B. resist infection C. fat storage D. keep organs in position

A

D

97
Q

2 examples of retroperitoneal organs?

A

kidney. duodenum, pancreas, inf vena cava, aorta

98
Q

what is an accumulation of fluid within peritoneal cavity caused by malnutrition, congestive heart failure, kidney failure or peritonitis?

A

ascites

99
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity used for?

A

rabies vaccine, kidney dialysis

100
Q

what nerve that innervates the peritoneum exhibits refered pain to the shoulder and may also cause hiccups in peritonitis?

A

phrenic nerve

101
Q

which is not a nerve that innervates the peritoneum? A. intercostal N. B. Subcostal nerve C. iliohyergastric N. D. ilioinguinal n.

A

C. ilioHYPOgastric

102
Q

T/F the parietal peritoneum is very sensitive to pain?

A

t

103
Q

T/F visceral peritoneum is supplied by ANS and is very sensitive to pain?

A

F

104
Q

which ligament is btw the greater curvature of the stomach and diaphragm?

A

Gastrophrenic lig

105
Q

which ligament is btw the greater curvature of stomach and spleen

A

gastrosplenic lig

106
Q

which ligament is btw greater curvature of the stomach and transverse colon?

A

gastrocolic lig

107
Q

double layer of peritoneum that extends from porta hepatis of the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and beginning of the duodenum?

A

lesser omentum

108
Q

what connect the live to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

heptogastric ligament

109
Q

T/F the hepatoduodenal ligament attached the liver to the duodenum

A

T

110
Q

what is a double layer of peritoneum that connects a portion of the intestine to the body wall

A

mesentery (general)

111
Q

T/F the mesentery proper connect the jejunum and ileum to body wall?

A

T

112
Q

the transverse mesocolon connects what to the posterior body wall?

A

transverse colon

113
Q

T/F the sigmoid mesocolon connects the sigmoid colon to the posterior body wall?

A

F. connects the sigmoid colon to pelvic wall

114
Q

what connects the appendix to the mesentery of the ileum?

A

mesoappendix

115
Q

where does the phrenicocolic ligament attach the left colic flexure to the diaphragm?

A

below the spleen

116
Q

what lies posterior to the liver, lesser omentum, and stomach?

A

omental bursa/ lesser sac

117
Q

in the lesser sac what is the only opening into the greater sac?

A

epiploic foramen/ omental foramen

118
Q

what extends from the diaphragm to the pelvic floor and across the entire abdominal cavity?

A

greater sac

119
Q

name subdivions of greater sac (6)

A

right subphrenic, left subphrenic, subhepatic space, heptorenal recess, right paracolic gutter, left paracolic gutter

120
Q

name the space btw liver and transverse colon

A

subhepatic space

121
Q

what subdivision of the Greater sac (GS) is below the diaphragm, above liver and to the right of the falciform ligament?

A

right subphrenic space

122
Q

what subdivision of the Greater sac (GS) is a posterosuperior extension of the subhepatic space btw the liver and right kidney?

A

hepatoranal recess/ morison’s pouch

123
Q

what subdivision of the Greater sac (GS) is a longitudinal depression lateral to the ascending colon?

A

right paracolic gutter

124
Q

what subdivision of the Greater sac (GS) is a longitudinal depression lateral to the descending colon?

A

Left paracolic gutter

125
Q

what is an opening btw the omental bursa and greater sac?

A

omental foramen

126
Q

name the boundaries of the omental foramen?

A

sup-liver. inf-1st part of duodenum, ant-free edge of lesser omentum, post-peritoneum covering of inf vena cava

127
Q

what structures pass through the porta hepatis?

A

right- bile duct, left- hepatic artery proper, behind- pertal vein

128
Q

the foregut form what?

A

distal esophagus, stomach and part of duodenum

129
Q

where does the foregut end?

A

2nd part of duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct

130
Q

what part of the embryological GI tract begins at the entrance of the bile duct and ends at the right 2/3rds of the transverse colon?

A

midgut

131
Q

where does the hindgut being and end?

A

begins: left 1/3 of transverse colon. ends: upper part of anal canal

132
Q

where do the liver and pancreas develop?

A

junction of foregut and midgut

133
Q

T/F the blood supply for the midgut is from branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

F. the superior mesenteric artery

134
Q

which pairing is INCORRECT? A. foregut & branches of celiac trunk B. Hindgut & superior mesenteric artery C. Midgut superior mesenteric artery D. hindgut inferior mesenteric artery

A

B

135
Q

what do the greater splanchnic n t5-t9 and lesser splanchnic nerve t10-t11 innervate sympathetically?

A

forgut and midgut

136
Q

what innervates the hindgut sympathetically?

A

lumbar splanchnic nerve L1-L2

137
Q

what are the parasympathetic innervations for the guts?

A

forgut and midgut- vagus nerve, hindgut- pelvic splanchnic nerve s2-s4

138
Q

ANS effects on GI tract?

A

para- increase motility and dilates sphincters

symp- decrease motility and constricts sphincters

139
Q

what are the 4 layers of the Gut wall?

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa/adventita

140
Q

what do the fibers of the submucosal plexus supply?

A

postganglionic fibers supply muscularis mucosae

141
Q

what does the submucosal plexus control?

A

gland function and muscularis mucosae

142
Q

what enteric plexus is located btw circular and longitudinal muscles of muscularis externa?

A

myenteric plexus

143
Q

what does the myenteric plexus control?

A

peristalsis

144
Q

T/F the stomach has 7-8L of capacity?

A

F. 2-3L

145
Q

what part of the stomach absorbs some alcohol and drugs and surrounds the cardial orifice?

A

cardia

146
Q

which part of the stomach would you find btw the fundus and pyloric part?

A

body

147
Q

what is the most distal part of the stomach and adjacent to the duodenum?

A

pyloric part

148
Q

where in the stomach would you find the cardial notch?

A

btw esophagus and fundus

149
Q

where in the stomach would you find the angular notch?

A

btw the body and pyloric part

150
Q

T/F the cardial orifice is btw the esophagus and duodenum?

A

F. btw esophagus and stomach

151
Q

what would you find btw the stomach and duodenum?

A

pyloric orifice

152
Q

what is the narrow distal part of the pyloric part of the stomach?

A

pyloric canal

153
Q

what is the distal termination of the pyloric part of the stomach?

A

pylorus

154
Q

T/F the pyloric antrum is the wide proximal part of the pyloric part of the stomach?

A

T

155
Q

what does the pylorus consist of?

A

pyloric orifice and pyloric sphincter

156
Q

where does the pyloric orifice go into?

A

duodenum

157
Q

what circular muscle layer surrounds the pyloric orifice?

A

pyloric sphincter

158
Q

what is the pylorus externall marked by?

A

pyloric constrictor

159
Q

what folds of the mucous membrane located within the cavity of the stomach increase surface area?

A

Gastric folds (rugae)

160
Q

what does the stomach lay anterior to?

A

lesser sac and pancreas

161
Q

what does the stomach lay posterior to?

A

diaphragm, left lobe of liver. ant abdominal wall

162
Q

where does the stomach receive its blood supply from?

A

branches of celiac trunk

163
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation of the stomach?

A

greater planchnic nerve T5-T9 (celiac plexus)

164
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the stomach?

A

vagus nerve (celiac plexus)

165
Q

what is the first unpaired branch from the abdominal aorta, that arises BELOW the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

celiac trunk

166
Q

which branch of the celiac trunk is the smallest and runs alone the lesser curve within the lesser omentum?

A

Left gastric artery

167
Q

what does the Left gastric artery anastomose with?

A

right gastric artery

168
Q

which branch of the celiac trunk runs posterior to the stomach along the superior bourder of the pancreas to terminate in the spleen?

A

splenic artery

169
Q

what branch of the splenic artery goes to the fundus of the stomach?

A

short gastric artery

170
Q

what branch of the splenic artery runs to the right along the greater curve within the greater omentum?

A

Left gastro-omental artery (gastroepiploic)

171
Q

which branch of the celiac trunk runs along the superior bourder of the pancreas and gives off the gastroduodenal artery before becoming the hepatic artery proper?

A

common hepatic artery

172
Q

which branch of the common hepatic artery descends behind the 1st part of the dupdenum and gives off 3 other branches?

A

gastroduodenal artery

173
Q

T/F the right gastro-omental artery runs left along the greater curvature of the stomach within the greater omentum

A

T

174
Q

what does the right gastro- omental artery anastomose with?

A

left gastro- omental artery

175
Q

what does the superior pancreaticduodenal artery pass btw?

A

duodenum and head of pancreas

176
Q

what do you find btw the pyloric orifice and ileocecal junction?

A

Small intestine

177
Q

what are the 3 parts of the SI?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

178
Q

what surrounds the head of the pancreas and is the shortest widest part of the SI>

A

duodenum

179
Q

what are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A

superior 1st part, descending 2nd part, inferior of horizontal 3rd part, ascending 4th part

180
Q

what is the beginning of the superior part of the duodenum?

A

duodenal cap

181
Q

which part of the duodenum contains the junction of the foregut and midgut, and wehre the bile duct and pancreatic duct empty

A

descending 2nd part

182
Q

which part of the duodenum is the longest, runs left and anterior to the inferior vena cava, aorta and vertebral column?

A

inferior or horizontal 3rd part

183
Q

which part of the duodenum ascends to the left of the aorta and terminates at the duodenaljejunal flexure?

A

ascending 4th part

184
Q

is the duodenum retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

retro except the cap

185
Q

T/F the superior mesenteric artery and vein pass posteriorly to the horizontal 3rd parts of the duodenum?

A

F. pass anteriorly

186
Q

what is the innervation of the duodenum?

A

autonomic from celiac and superior mesenteric plexus

187
Q

what makes up the distal 3/5ths of the small intestine?

A

ileum

188
Q

what part of the small intestine begins at the duodenojejunal flexure and makes up 2/5ths of the small intestine?

A

jejunum

189
Q

T/F the ileum occupies the right lower quadrant

A

T

190
Q

where does the ileum join the cecum?

A

ileocecal junction

191
Q

T/F the jejunum absorbs fat soluble vitiamins, B12, and bile salts?

A

F. ileum

192
Q

what is the jejunum most responsible for?

A

nutrient uptake in the GI tract

193
Q

what are straight terminal branches of the arteries that travel through the mesentery to supply the SI?

A

vasa recta

194
Q

what slows the passage of chyme in SI?

A

plicae circulares

195
Q

an aggregation of lymphoid tissue found within the walls of the small intestine, act as immune defense?

A

peyer’s patch

196
Q

what supplies the blood supply to the jejunum and ileum?

A

jejunal and ileal branches of superior mesenteric artery

197
Q

what is the innervation of jejunum and ileum?

A

autonomic from superior mesenteric plexus

198
Q

what is about 1.5 meters and extends from the ileocecal junction to the anus?

A

Large intestine

199
Q

what is the function of the large intestine?

A

convert liquid contents from ileum into semisolid feces by absorbing water. also involves in synthesis of some vitamins Vitamin k-blood clotting

200
Q

what part of the LI is considered a “blind pouch” and found below the ileocecal junction and lies within the right iliac fossa?

A

cecum

201
Q

T/F ileal folds are 2 flaps that surround the ileal orifice and fuse medially to form the frenula?

A

F fuse laterally

202
Q

what is the function of the ileal folds?

A

prevents backflow of feces into the ileum of SI

203
Q

what is a narrow muscular tube containing lymphoid tissue that is at posteromedial aspect of the cecum?

A

appendix

204
Q

what attached the appendix to the mesentery of the ileum?

A

mesoappendix

205
Q

where does the appendix lumen open?

A

into the cecum via an orifice locatred below the ileal orifice

206
Q

what are the most common postitons of the appendix?

A

1st-retrocecal

2nd- pelvic

207
Q

what are the 4 parts of the colon?

A

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

208
Q

what parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?

A

ascending and descending colon

209
Q

what parts of the colon are intraperitoneal?

A

transverse colon and sigmoid colon

210
Q

what part of the colon is from the ileocecal junction and to the right of the colic flexure?

A

ascending colon

211
Q

what part of the colon foes from the right colic flexure to left colic flexure?

A

transverse colon

212
Q

what part of the colon goes from the left colic flexure to the pelvic brim?

A

descending colon

213
Q

what part of the colon fors from the pelvic brim to the from of the sacrum?

A

sigmoid colon

214
Q

what longitudinal band of muscle seem most prominently in the cecum and ascending colon, and meet at the base of the appendix

A

taeniae coli

215
Q

succulations or outpouching of the colon?

A

haustra of colon

216
Q

T/F omental appendices are large masses of fat which are covered with visceral peritoneum and extend from colon

A

F small masses of fat

217
Q

what artery arises from the abdominal aorta below the celiac trunk and its branches supply the intestine from the 2nd part of the duodenum to the right 2/3rds of the transverse colon?

A

superior mesenteric artery

218
Q

what branch of the superior mesenteric artery suppies the pancreas and distal part of duodenum?

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

219
Q

what branch of the superior mesenteric artery has 12-15 branches that anastomose within the mesentery to form a series of arcades that supply the jejunum and ileum?

A

jejunal and ileal arteries

220
Q

what branch of the superior mesenteric artery descends to the iliocecal junction and supplies the ascending colon, cecum and appendix?

A

ileocolic artery

221
Q

what branch of the superior mesenteric artery supplies the ascending colon?

A

right colic artery

222
Q

what branch of the superior mesenteric artery supplies the transverse colon?

A

middle colic artery

223
Q

what artery arises form the lower part of the abdominal aorta and supplies the LI from the left 1/3 of the transverse colon to the upper part of the anal canal?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

224
Q

what artery prevents bowel infarction and provides collateral circulation to the colon?

A

marginal artery

225
Q

which branch of the inferior mesenteric artery suppies the descending colon?

A

left colic artery

226
Q

which branch of the inferior mesenteric artery supplies the sigmoid colon?

A

sigmoid arteries

227
Q

which branch of the inferior mesenteric artery supplies the rectum and upper part of the anal canal, also the terminal branch of inferior mesenteric artery

A

superior rectal artery

228
Q

where do all branches of the superior and inferior mesenteric artery empty?

A

marginal artery

229
Q

a straight terminal branch from the marginal artery to the LI also SI?

A

Vasa recta

230
Q

what is the innervation of the LI from the cecum through the right 2/3rds of the tansverse colon?

A

autonomic from superior mesenteric plexus

231
Q

what is the innervation os the left 2/3rds of the transverse colon to upper anal canal?

A

autonomic from inferior mesenteric plexus and hypogastric plexus

232
Q

what drains the GI tract, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder?

A

portal venous system

233
Q

all nutrients but fat go through the portal venous system. where do the fats go|?

A

SI to lacteals bypass liver

gross 2 exam 3 (1 decks)

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