G2 - Salivary Glands Flashcards
Name for the watery secretion into mouth from exocrine gland?
saliva
what are the three main salivary glands?
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
what is the product of the parotid gland?
99% serous (watery) saliva
what is the product of the submandibular gland?
mixed mucous/serous secretions
what is the product of the sublingual gland?
largely mucous secretions
What are the 2 stages of saliva formation?
- saliva initially produced
2. saliva is modified before entering the mouth
In what condition is the primary saliva?
isotonic
In what condition is the final saliva into the mouth?
hypotonic
what causes the saliva to become hypotonic?
the reabsorption of ions and the addition if HCO3
What type of secretion is present throughout the day and night?
resting secretion
resting secretion keeps the mouth and the oropharynx?
- moist
- lubricated
- protected
What sensory receptors are stimulated whilst eating?
- Gustatory receptors
- Mechanoreceptors
- Olfactory receptors
- Nociceptors
- Higher centers
what saliva is secreted during eating?
stimulated secretion
What cell secretes fluid into the collecting duct during saliva formation?
Acinus Cell
When saliva is made up of mixed secretions of all glands, what is it known as? Also contains debris and other oral fluids such as gingival crevicular fluid
whole mouth saliva
What is the total daily flow of saliva?
500-750 ml day
> 90% from major glands
< 10% from minor glands
what is the resting saliva flow rate?
~ 0.3ml/min
what is the stimulated saliva flow rate?
~ 1.75ml/min
what are the functions of saliva?
- protects tissue
- enhances taste
- lubricates food
- speeds oral clearance of food
- facilitates removal of carbohydrates
- neutralises organic acids
- inhibits demineralisation and enhances
remineralisation - recycles ingested fluoride to the mouth
- discourages bacterial growth
- proteins sustain enamel surface
Amylase is found in the parotid and submandibular glands, what is the function?
- its cooked starches hydrolyse maltose and maltose
triose - Denatured in stomach
- Helps cleanse mouth
Lipase is associated with lingual glands and circumvalate papillae, what is its function?
- involved in fat digestion
- resistant to stomach acid
What is salivary secretion dependent on?
Reflex activity
How is stimuli delivered to gustatory receptors?
taste buds
What is the output of saliva directly proportional to?
Output of saliva is directly proportional to masticatory forces
What contributes to the masticatory- salivary reflex?
Intra- oral mechanoreceptors and particularly periodontal and mucosal receptors
What are the two names for the olfactory salivary reflex?
- olfactory parotid salivary reflex
- olfactory submandibular salivary reflex
What type of olfactory salivary reflex exists in humans?
An olfactory- submandibular salivary reflex
What is mouthwatering due to?
- sudden awareness of saliva already present in the mouth
- expression of performed saliva by contraction of either salivary myoepithelial cells or facial musculature of the floor of the mouth
- anticipation or sight of food
What kind of stimuli stimulates the gustatory salivary reflex?
sour
