G2 - Salivary Glands

Question 1

Name for the watery secretion into mouth from exocrine gland?

Answer 1

saliva

Question 2

what are the three main salivary glands?

Answer 2

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

Question 3

what is the product of the parotid gland?

Answer 3

99% serous (watery) saliva

Question 4

what is the product of the submandibular gland?

Answer 4

mixed mucous/serous secretions

Question 5

what is the product of the sublingual gland?

Answer 5

largely mucous secretions

Question 6

What are the 2 stages of saliva formation?

Answer 6

1. saliva initially produced

2. saliva is modified before entering the mouth

Question 7

In what condition is the primary saliva?

Answer 7

isotonic

Question 8

In what condition is the final saliva into the mouth?

Answer 8

hypotonic

Question 9

what causes the saliva to become hypotonic?

Answer 9

the reabsorption of ions and the addition if HCO3

Question 10

What type of secretion is present throughout the day and night?

Answer 10

resting secretion

Question 11

resting secretion keeps the mouth and the oropharynx?

Answer 11

• moist
• lubricated
• protected

Question 12

What sensory receptors are stimulated whilst eating?

Answer 12

• Gustatory receptors
• Mechanoreceptors
• Olfactory receptors
• Nociceptors
• Higher centers

Question 13

what saliva is secreted during eating?

Answer 13

stimulated secretion

Question 14

What cell secretes fluid into the collecting duct during saliva formation?

Answer 14

Acinus Cell

Question 15

When saliva is made up of mixed secretions of all glands, what is it known as? Also contains debris and other oral fluids such as gingival crevicular fluid

Answer 15

whole mouth saliva

Question 16

What is the total daily flow of saliva?

Answer 16

500-750 ml day
> 90% from major glands
< 10% from minor glands

Question 17

what is the resting saliva flow rate?

Answer 17

~ 0.3ml/min

Question 18

what is the stimulated saliva flow rate?

Answer 18

~ 1.75ml/min

Question 19

what are the functions of saliva?

Answer 19

• protects tissue
• enhances taste
• lubricates food
• speeds oral clearance of food
• facilitates removal of carbohydrates
• neutralises organic acids
• inhibits demineralisation and enhances
  remineralisation
• recycles ingested fluoride to the mouth
• discourages bacterial growth
• proteins sustain enamel surface

Question 20

Amylase is found in the parotid and submandibular glands, what is the function?

Answer 20

• its cooked starches hydrolyse maltose and maltose
  triose
• Denatured in stomach
• Helps cleanse mouth

Question 21

Lipase is associated with lingual glands and circumvalate papillae, what is its function?

Answer 21

• involved in fat digestion

- resistant to stomach acid

Question 22

What is salivary secretion dependent on?

Answer 22

Reflex activity

Question 23

How is stimuli delivered to gustatory receptors?

Answer 23

taste buds

Question 24

What is the output of saliva directly proportional to?

Answer 24

Output of saliva is directly proportional to masticatory forces

Question 25

What contributes to the masticatory- salivary reflex?

Answer 25

Intra- oral mechanoreceptors and particularly periodontal and mucosal receptors

Question 26

What are the two names for the olfactory salivary reflex?

Answer 26

• olfactory parotid salivary reflex

- olfactory submandibular salivary reflex

Question 27

What type of olfactory salivary reflex exists in humans?

Answer 27

An olfactory- submandibular salivary reflex

Question 28

What is mouthwatering due to?

Answer 28

• sudden awareness of saliva already present in the mouth
• expression of performed saliva by contraction of either salivary myoepithelial cells or facial musculature of the floor of the mouth
• anticipation or sight of food

Question 29

What kind of stimuli stimulates the gustatory salivary reflex?

Answer 29

sour