G2 Geography sec1 Flashcards
Two Types Of water stores
Freshwater and Saltwater stores
Six Types of water sources
Oceans
Glaciers
Groundwater
Rivers
Lakes
Soils
What are oceans
An ocean is a large body of seawater, They are five oceans in this world and they are all interconnected.
Give me 5 oceans that exist in this world
Pacific Ocean
Southern Ocean
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
What are glaciers
Glaciers are large masses of ice that rest on lands or floats in the seas. Glaciers move slowly because they are very heavy
What is a groundwater
Groundwater is water that is stored deep beneath the ground surface. Water that cannot pass through the the bedrock accumulates within the soil layers to form groundwater.
What are Rivers
body of water that temporarily stores water before it flows to other water sources
What are Lakes
A body of water surrounded by land made up of freshwater
what process happens due to the Sun’s heat and causes water to turn into water vapour?
Evaporation
What process happens when plants release water vapour into the air.
Transpiration
What process happens when water vapour lose heat and turn into water droplets and what do they form?
Condensation to form clouds
What are forms of precipitation?
Rain, Hail, Snow, Sleet
What is the process where water hits the ground after rain?
Infiltration
What is the process where water enters the ground through the soil pores to become groundwater?
Percolation
What is the process where water flows underground to large water bodies?
Groundwater Flow
What is the process that occurs when water is not infiltrated into the ground but travels on land to larger water bodies?
Surface Runoff
Why do we need the water/hydrological cycle?
To ensure a continuous supply of clean water.
What makes water a renewable resource?
it naturally replenishes through the water cycle.
What is water pollution?
It is when harmful substances are released into water sources.
What are some forms of pollution?
People throwing trash into the water bodies
Factories releasing toxic chemical waste
Countries disposing of waste water into oceans
Impacts of pollution
Kills plants and Poisons animals living in the water bodies.
Water in the water bodies can no longer be used by humans as they are not clean.
Where are tropical rainforest found
They are found in parts of the world which experience the tropical climate. They can be found in the Central and South America, West and Central Africa, as well as South and Southeast Asia.
What is natural vegetation?
Natural Vegetation refers to plant life which covers particular parts of the world’s land areas and develops without human interference
What is the tropical climate?
Climate refers to the average weather conditions of a place over a long period of time, usually more than 30 years.
What are the three layers of the tropical rainforest?
Emergent Layer, Canopy Layer and Undergrowth Layer
How tall are trees the emergent layer?
30 or more metres
How tall are trees in the canopy layer?
20-30 metres
Why is light blocked in the canopy layer?
Crowns of the canopy trees interlock and form a thick mass of branches and leaves that prevents light from passing through.
What is the impact of less sunlight in the undergrowth layer?
Vegetation is relatively sparse. Not many plants are able to grow in the undergrowth layer
What are mangrove trees?
Plants that can grow in water with higher salinity than freshwater.
Where are mangroves typically found?
Along the coasts, normally in a tropical climate.
Why are calm water conditions good for mangroves?
They encourage the accumulation of fine sediments containing nutrients which is good for their growth.
What species of mangrove plants are found in the lower-tide level? Explain why.
Sonneratia and Avicennia. They are able to tolerate high salinity levels and longer periods of flooding.
What species of mangrove plants are found in the higher-tide level? Explain why.
Rhizophora and Bruguiera. They are less tolerant of the high salinity levels in the lower-tide levels.
What happens when there is too much precipitation?
Floods
What happens when there is too little precipitation?
Droughts
What are droughts?
a long period of little to no rainfall in a specific areaW
What are the two main types of floods?
Flash Floods and River Floods
What is a flood?
an overflow of a large amount of water onto dry land.
Difference between flash floods and river floods.
Flash floods occur over a short period of time after exceptionally heavy rainfall.
River floods occur due to sustained heavy rainfall throughout a long period of time.
Where do flash floods normally occur?
It occurs in dry areas where there is a lack of soil or vegetation
What happens during a flash flood?
Water from heavy rainfall is not infiltrated and becomes surface runoff, flooding low-lying areas.
What happens during a river flood?
Large amounts of rainwater and meltwater produced when snow and ice melt flows into rivers rapidly, overflowing the riverbank and flooding surrounding areas.W
Where do river floods occur?
At the river, obviously.
Is Saba noob?
yes
What is a river ecosystem?
It refers to the communities of plants and animals in rivers that interact with one another
What is a food chain?
It shows how energy is transferred through food. Predators gain energy they need by eating their prey.
What are the four uses of water by humans?
Domestic, Recreation, Agriculture, Industry
Examples of domestic uses of water?
Household activities such as bathing and cooking.
Examples of recreational uses of water?
Leisure activities such as sailing and kayaking.
Examples of agricultural uses of water?
Grow crops and rear animals for human consumption.
Examples of industrial uses of water?
Used to generate electricity when passing through turbines.
Use as a cleaning agent in water fabrication.
Used to cool equipment when they get too hot.
What are the four water management strategies in Singapore?
1) Improving Water Quality
2) Reducing Water Consumption
3) Improving Water Technologies
4) Importing Water
How to determine water quality?
Water quality is determined by factors such as temperature, amount of dissolved oxygen etc.
What is the relationship between water consumption and population of a country?
The higher the population of a country, the higher the demand for water, hence the higher the water consumption by both industries and people
Why is it important to reduce water consumption?
Even though water is a renewable resource, it can run out faster than be replenished.
What are examples of Singapore IMPROVING WATER QUALITY?
Public Utilities Board by NEA: If any company wants to release water into water bodies, they must get NEA approval.
What are examples of Singapore REDUCING WATER CONSUMPTION?
Water Efficiency Labelling System: Helps people be more aware of water-efficient products > make more informed decisions when purchasing products.
What are examples of Singapore IMPROVING WATER QUALITY?
NEWater allows Singapore to reclaim used water from water sources, making it drinkable again, and ensuring we are self-reliant.
What are examples of Singapore IMPORTING WATER?
Singapore imports water from Johor, Malaysia: 1000 gallons per 3 sens.
Agreement made in 1961, ends in 2061.
