G19 Orientation of Abdominal Cavity

Question 1

Retroperitoneal Space of anterior abdominal wall

Answer 1

Transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, parietal peritoneum

lateral umbilical folds, contain inferior epigastric vessels

external iliac vessels

medial umbilical folds (contains obliterated umbilical arteries)

median umbilical fold (contains obliterated urachus (fibrous remnant of allantois)

Question 2

development of peritoneum

Answer 2

intraembryonic Coelom (stage 11/week 4)

development of peritoneal viscera
-early abdominal lined with peritoneum derived from visceral lateral plate mesoderm

organs develop and invaginate into peritoneum pulling a neurovascular supply with them

Question 3

Innervation of Peritoneum and peritoneal fluids

Answer 3

somatic sensory fibers: pain localized along dermatome , folds are formed int eh parietal peritoneum along wall

NO visceral sensory fibers

Serous fluids containing water, electrolytes, leukocytes, antibodies. Slowly absorbed by small lymphatic channel

• allows for movement of viscera
• moves caudal-cranial

Question 4

Peritonitis, ascites, paracentesis

Answer 4

peritonitis: infection and inflammation of the peritoneum that results from the introduction of bacteria, gas, or fecal matter into the peritonel cavity. Exudation of serum, fibrin, pus

ascites: excess fluids that build up in peritoneal cavity, typically inresonse to infection (peritonitis)
- may contain, blood, pus, cancer cells, metastasis

paracentesis: surgical puncture to drain ascites from abdominal cavity

peritoneal dialysis useful for patients with chronic kindey disease: introduction of dialysis into peritoneal cavity, diffusion of waste into the fluid then draining the fluid from peritoneal cavity.

Question 5

Mesentary and proper

Answer 5

double layer of peritoneyp that results from the invagination of an organ.

mesentery proper: conducts neurovasculature between organ and body wall without restricting movement of the small intestine.
-allows peristaltic movement while preventing strangulation of the bowel

Transverse Mesocolon (mesentery behind transverse colon)

sigmoid mesocolon

Mesoappendix

Question 6

Omentum:

Answer 6

identify borders of greater and lesser omentum

greater attached to tranverse colon
-mobile moved by peristaltic movement

FXN: prevent adhesion of viscera to abdominal wall and will wrap around inflamed viscera

Question 7

Peritoneal ligamengts

Answer 7

Falciform: across top of liver

hepatoduodenal ligament: gall bladder to pyloric region of stomach: part of omental foramen

hepatogastric ligament:other part of lesser omentum

WHERE DOES PORTAL TRIAD PASS

gastrophrenic ligament: fundus of stomach to the dorsal wall

gastrosplenic ligament: stomach to the spleen

splenorenal ligament: spleet to liver

Question 8

peritoneal fold

Answer 8

peritoneum reflected away from ab wall by blood vessels or obliterated blood vessels
-lateral umbilical fold-inferior epigastric vessels
-medial umbilical fold: obliterated umbilical arteris
-median umbilical foldL obliterated urachus
-

Question 9

abdominal sacs

Answer 9

omental bursa

greater sacL

supercolic compartment
-stomach spleen liver

infracolic compartment
-gastrocholic portion of greater omentum, as and dec colon, small in

Question 10

omental foramen

Answer 10

connects greater and lesser sac,

Ant : hepatoduodenal lig

pos: IVC right crus
sup: liver
inf: duodenum part 1

Question 11

peritoneal cavity recesses

Answer 11

supraphrenic
hepatorenal 
right paracolic gutter
right infracolic space
left infracolic space
left paracolic gutter

peristaltic movement causes flow of peritoneal fluids in these space: moves from feet to head

Infection can spread here! or cancer

Question 12

pelvic ligaments

Answer 12

mesosalpinx
mesoovarium
broad ligament

rectovesicouterin pouch

rectouterine

rectovesical (peritoneal cav)