G R A M M A R Flashcards
How to make ‘tu’ imperative?
3rd person present
take away the ‘S’
What are the ‘tu’ imprative irregulars? (8)
decir - di salir - sal
tener - ten venir - ven
ir - ve hacer - haz
poner - pon ser - sé
what happens with pronouns and tu affirmative imperatives
pronouns are added onto to the imperative
when to add accent with tu affirmative imperative?
when the imperative verb has two syllables and one pronoun
when the imperative has one syllable and two pronouns
what happens with tu affirmative imperative and reflexive pronouns
added on to end of verb
how to make tu negative imperative
2nd person subjunctive
how to make vosotros affirmative imperative
replace ‘r’ with ‘d’
what happens with vosotros affirmative imperative and reflexive pronouns?
‘d’ is replaced by ‘os’
sentad - sentaos
what are the exceptions in reflexive vosotros affirmative imperative? (2)
1) IRSE! –> keeps ‘D’ = vestídos
2) reflexive verbs ending in IR require an accent
how to make vosotros negative imperative
vosotros present subjunctive
how to make usted imperative
3rd person present subjunctive
how to make ustedes imperative
3rd person plural present subjunctive
how to make usted/es negative imperative
just add NO in front of verb
What are the present subjunctive irregulars (5)
- Dar
- Estar
- haber
- Saber
- Ir
how to make present perfect subjunctive
subjunctive of haber and past participle
when to use the present perfect subjunctive
to refer to actions which happened in the past and continue to repeat into the present.
how to make the imperfect subjunctive
3rd person plural of the preterite plus ending: ra ras ra ramos rais ran
What is the preset subjunctive of haber
haya hayas haya hayamos hayáis hayan
what is the second option for the imperfect subjunctive
se ses se semos séis se
what are the uses of the imperfect subjunctive (4)
1 - if independent clause is in past
2- if independent clause refers to a previous occurrence, to express current emotions about the past
3 - to indicate unlikely events
4 - if clauses - if sentence stated with ‘SI’, use imperfect subjunctive and then the conditional.
how to make the pluscumperfecto
imperfect subjunctive of haber and past participle
what is the imperfect subjunctive of haber
hubiera hubieras hubiera hubiéramos hubierais hubieran
what is pluscumperfecto used for
talking about events in the past which happened before something else
what should ‘como si’ be followed by
past subjunctive
